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23F. GENERAL SCIENCE

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18740. Pilot Memory.

This paper addresses the importance of pilot memory as a factor in aviation safety. Studies have shown that information overload has a negative impact on pilot memory; however, the problem of memory capability in older pilots is not as bad as originally suspected. It has been claimed that the drug donepezil can be used to improve pilot memory. However, the paper argues that a better approach is to use flight training and frequent practice to help pilots improve their working memory. KEYWORDS: aviation psychology pilot memory air safety flight training APA Style. 9 pages, 15 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources. 2,180 words. 		  $63
 

18528. Ergonomics and Cockpit Design in the Aviation Industry.

This paper is concerned with the use of ergonomics to improve cockpit designs and thereby increase health and safety in the airline industry. It is also argued that this approach can lead to improvements in pilot morale and organizational competitiveness. Based on evidence in the research literature, some recommendations are made for airlines to use. KEYWORDS: aviation airlines ergonomics pilot safety health. APA Style. 11 pages, 23 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 2,621 words. 		  $77
 

18506. Kuhn’S Theory of Paradigms.

This paper examines the thesis of Thomas Kuhn that scientific disciplines undergo periodic “revolutions” in viewpoints and standards. Critical reactions to this claim are considered, and it is concluded that the thesis is based on flawed logic and the use of superficial evidence. It is argued that there is a need for better ways of explaining scientific progress, which seems to be evolutionary rather than revolutionary in nature. KEYWORDS: science paradigms scientific progress Kuhn. MLA Style. 8 pages, 18 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 1,865 words. 		  $56
 

18335. Very Light Jets.

This paper is concerned with very light jets (VLJs), which are single-pilot jets that compete with larger jets for airspace and runway space. Because of their relatively low cost and ability to access smaller airports, it is expected that VLJs will be increasingly used in upcoming years. The SHEL model is used to analyze human factors issues that need to be addressed regarding this emerging aviation technology. (The SHEL model focuses on issues of software, hardware, environment, and liveware.) KEYWORDS: aviation technology human factors very light jets. APA Style. 9 pages, 30 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 2,286 words. 		  $63
 

18331. Pilot Fatigue and Airline Safety.

This paper discusses pilot fatigue as a component of an airline’s safety program. The paper includes background on the problem of pilot fatigue and refers to research evidence on its causes, consequences, and effective countermeasures. Recommendations are made for scheduling of duty hours and time off, the use of onboard naps and rest periods, the use of fatigue-management strategies, and pilot training. KEYWORDS: aviation airline safety pilot fatigue pilot stress. APA Style. 12 pages, 33 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 3,002 words. 		  $84
 

17703. Stress and the Aviator.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of stress and the aviator, focusing on pilots but also considering stress and the flight crew in general. Following a definition and overview of stress and its varieties in the aviation environment, the analysis identifies common sources of stress among aviators and in the flight environment, describes the potential negative consequences of the stress (e.g., impact on air safety, decision-making, relations with colleagues, etc.) and discusses ways to cope with and reduce stress. KEYWORDS: psychological stress stressors aviation pilots cockpit management. APA Style. 16 pages, 32 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 4,006 words. 		  $112
 

17702. Air Security in the Post-9/11 Era: Are We Safer?

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the status of U.S. aviation security from a post-9/11 perspective. The analysis considers the major “holes” or shortcomings in the current aviation security system and possible ways to address these shortcomings. The analysis identifies problems in passenger and airline/airport personnel identification and screening, cargo screening, explosives detection, airliner defense against missile attacks, ground target defense against airliners, general aviation, and problems in TSA bureaucracy. The concluding section presents specific recommendations for action. KEYWORDS: aviation safety and security passenger screening cargo screening explosives detection suicide bombing terrorism transportation security administration. APA Style. 16 pages, 68 footnotes, 39 bibliographic references. 3778 words. 		  $112
 

17554. Summary of “Technology, Technique, and the Body” by Edward Tenner.

This paper provides a summary and analysis of Tenner’s article which considers the Louis Mumford-Jacques Ellul debate over whether technique drives technological innovation or vice versa. Tenner argues that the users of technologies (as well as the inventors) play an important role in making the technologies what they are. According to Tenner, techniques change both objects and bodies, and, through the process of adopting devices, “we change our social selves.” Just as natural selection shapes the appearance of non-human animals, technology helps to shape the identity of human beings. KEYWORDS: technology society techniques ellul mumford. MLA Style. 7 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 1,620 words. 		  $49
 

17299. Book Review: Fate Is the Hunter by Ernest G. Gann.

. This paper provides a highly favorable review of this autobiography filled with exciting stories of aviation as it existed from the 1930s through the 1950s. Gann’s book shows that aviation is an exciting profession and that it can be rewarding for those who are capable of handling its unique dangers. The book, written in an entertaining and engaging style, is highly recommended. KEYWORDS: book review aviators autobiography. 6 pages, 10 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 1,470 words. 		  $42
 

17198. The Crash of Twa Flight 800.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the midair explosion and crash of TWA Flight 800 on July 17, 1996. Drawing on information from the National Transportation Safety Board investigation and other reports, the paper describes the accident and the resulting damages and fatalities; analyzes the causes behind the accident; and reports on the remedies and changes that were put into place as a result of the accident and subsequent investigation. The first part of the paper dissects the accident and its causes. The next section looks at the lawsuits that arose as a result of the crash. Another section details the remedies and regulations that have been put into place in response to the crash and its likely causes. A concluding section discusses how the accident could have been avoided and briefly considers some of the unresolved issues related to the crash. Keywords: Flight 800 commercial aviation accidents investigation airplane crash lawsuits air safety prevention. 15 pages; 54 footnotes; 31 bibliographic sources. 4,882 words. 		  $105
 

17194. Marine Container Security and Inspection Pre- and Post-9/11.

This report provides an overview and analysis of ocean-going container security and inspection at U.S. ports. Following an overview of the scope of the container security problem, the analysis looks at how the approach to maritime container security and inspection has changed in the aftermath of 9/11. The major technologies – including gamma-ray, e-seals, pulsed fast neutron analysis, thermal neutron analysis, tracking technologies, and sophisticated x-rays – used in maritime container inspection are identified and discussed. The costs and practicality of these technologies as a means of improving seaport security are considered. Keywords: ports shipping security containers maritime technologies inspection e-seals. 15 pages; 71 footnotes; 25 bibliographic sources. 4,377 words. 		  $105
 

17179. Aviation & Air Cargo Security.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of current security concerns and issues in the airline and aviation air cargo industry. Following a brief overview of the history of air cargo security, the analysis focuses on the post-September 11th aviation security environment. Security measures implemented in the aftermath of the attacks, including the ‘known shipper’ program and restrictions on some air cargo in passenger planes are described and discussed in terms of their strengths and limitations. Proposals for additional security measures (e.g., arming air cargo pilots, bomb-proofing cargo compartments, advanced notification, more sophisticated tracking and identification of cargo, x-raying all cargo, etc.) and their implications for the aviation cargo industry are considered. Keywords: aviation security airline security air cargo security terrorist threat technology known shipper. 18 pages; 34 footnotes; 20 bibliographic sources. 4,661 words. 		  $126
 

17161. Geographic Information Systems (Gis) for Decision Making.

This paper investigates and discusses the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for decision-making applications in the real world, including real estate development planning, agricultural development, environmental management, urban development, and public management. The existing and potential uses of GIS for decision making in watershed management, environmental protection, agricultural planning, agricultural/non-agricultural land allocation decisions, urban commercial development, and urban planning and management are described and discussed. Limitations and problems in GIS implementation and use within these contexts are also discussed. A concluding section looks at the future of GIS technologies and usages. 13 pages; 37 footnotes; 20 bibliographic sources. 3,586 words. 		  $91
 

17159. New Technologies in Aviation Safety.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of new and emerging technologies in aviation for crash avoidance and survival. The investigation focuses on emerging technologies which reduce crash risk and improve the odds of crash survival by improving the flight crew’s level of situation and positional awareness and thus enabling better decision-making. The analysis looks at crash avoidance technologies in two major accident categories – CFIT and runway incursions – and shows how the application of combination technologies and systems can dramatically reduce crash risk. Specific technologies discussed include GPS (global positioning systems); Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning Systems (EGPWS) and second-generation Terrain Avoidance Warning Systems (TAWS); combination terrain and traffic collision avoidance system (T2CAS); Runway Incursion Prevention System (RIPS); Ground Marker; Dreadle; and Runway Awareness and Advisory System (RAAS). 15 pages; 45 footnotes; 33 bibliographic sources. 4,371 words. 		  $105
 

17057. "The First System" by Auguste Comte (Book Review).

This paper summarizes the first two chapters of this book by the 19th century French social philosopher, Auguste Comte. The first chapter discusses the nature and importance of the positivist philosophy, and the second chapter describes a hierarchical classification of the sciences. Keywords: positivist philosophy. 7 pages; 26 footnotes; 1 bibliographic source. 		  $49
 

15998. Pharmacological Knowledge and the Treatment of Substance Abuse Problems.

This paper looks at how knowledge of pharmacology can help addiction treatment practitioners to better understand the impact of different substances on the body and brain. Also discussed is the ways in which medical drugs can be used in substance abuse treatment, and the limits to what pharmacology can explain regarding substance abuse. Keywords: drug treatment pharmacology. 6 pages; 15 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,284 words. 		  $42
 

15857. Flight Simulators.

This paper discusses the historical development of flight simulator technology and its impact on human factors issues. Discusses how simulators are used to train pilots and crews, investigate accidents, fly unmanned vehicles, and conduct research studies on human factors in aviation. 13 pages; 31 footnotes; 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $91
 

15741. Views on the Philosophy of Science.

Compares and contrasts the views of seven thinkers (Bacon, Popper, Feyerabend, Quine, Nagel, Stent and Kuhn) regarding how science progresses and the best method to use for scientific inquiry. This is followed by a more specific comparison of the views of Kuhn with those of Feyerabend and Nagel. 11 pages, 41 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

15630. Wind Power: Today's Most Promising Renewable Energy Source.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the current state and future potential of wind power as a source of energy throughout the world, with particular focus on the use of wind power in the United States. The investigation includes a review of the current state of the art in wind power technology, an overview of the size and scope of the current and potential wind power market, both globally and specifically in the U.S., and an examination of existing and potential barriers to wind power expansions. KEYWORDS: alternative energy wind power markets. 18 pages, 47 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources. 		  $126
 

15578. Life After Death.

Although it can't be proven scientifically, the evidence indicates that the existence of life after death is at least plausible. The arguments for believing in life after death are discussed; in addition, near-death experiences and studies relating to the topic are considered. 10 pages, 26 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

15485. Air Traffic Control and Automation.

Discusses the trend toward increased automation of air traffic control towers, emphasizing the impact that such automation is having on controllers in terms of job satisfaction and safety. The conclusion includes recommendations for better combining human factors with automation, and thereby increasing efficiency and safety. 15 pages, 40 footnotes, 20 bibliographic references. 		  $105
 

15437. Genetics and Crime.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the controversial theory that criminal behavior has genetic roots, considering the reasons why biological and and genetic in particular and theories of crime causation are so controversial, examining the central tenets of the theory, and considering the evidence supporting the theory based on family, twin, adoption, and gene-environment interaction studies. 12 pages, 41 footnotes, 23 bibliographic references. 		  $84
 

15228. The Use of Autopilots and Global Positioning Systems in Aircraft.

Autopilot systems detect deviations in programmed flight plans and make automatic corrections, while global positioning systems use satellites in order to obtain accurate information about craft's position and velocity. This paper explains how these computerized systems work and notes that they are increasingly being used by aircraft pilots. 11 pages, 34 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references. 		  $77
 

14086. New Technology Development & Firm Size.

This term paper provides an overview and critical analysis of the role of firm size in the development of new technology. Focusing on the U.S., but also drawing on comparative data from Europe and Japan, the report evaluates the opportunities for large versus small firms in developing new technology. Drawing on specific examples from biotechnology and the computer industry, the analysis considers possible explanations for the seeming dominance of small versus large firms in U.S. technology development, looking at regulatory factors, financing, business-government relations, culture, and organizational structure. Also considered are some possible reasons why the U.S. evidences a higher level of technological entrepreneurship than other developed countries and the role of this apparent 'country advantage' in small firm success in U.S. technological ventures. KEYWORDS: research development r&d technology firm size entrepreneurs. 18 pages, 36 footnotes, 28 bibliographic references. 4,806 words. 		  $126
 

13955. Nanotechnology: Impact on Modern Warfare.

Examines the revolutionary aspects of nanotechnologies and extreme miniaturization and the possibility of transformation they represent for military science (also considering the general impact on economics, politics, and popular culture). Advances the hypothesis that while these new technologies will lead to new weapons and delivery systems, and concomitant changes in military training and command/control systems, they will not by themselves fundamentally alter the major tenets of military science. Describes the current state of development of these technologies, considers current and potential future applications in warfare, examines their limitations as truly transforming technologies. 26 pages, 28 footnotes, 19 bibliographic references. 		  $133
 

13870. Art as a Critic of Science.

Discusses the effectiveness of art a as means of criticizing science, drawing examples from particular works of English literature including Marlowe's Dr. Faustus, Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, and Hawthorne's short stories. Argues that while artists are not qualified to speak on the merits of the narrow technical implications of science, they are qualified to speak on the social and cultural effects of scientific research. 10 pages, 7 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13864. Satellite Broadcasting Industry.

Examines the international satellite broadcasting industry to see how the emergence of direct-to-home television broadcasting was made possible by advancing telecommunications technology. The focus of the analysis is the European satellite broadcasting industry in the 1980's and early 1990's. Argues that direct broadcasting will revolutionize the television markets of Europe and the rest of the world. 9 pages, 18 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

13747. The Potential for a Hydrogen-Fueled Aircraft Industry.

Explores the unique potential and daunting technical and safety problems with the use of hydrogen fuels for future aircraft development. Assesses the relative merits of hydrogen fuels, evaluates the feasibility of hydrogen-based aircraft development projects, and considers alternative theories, applications and designs for these aircraft. 10 pages, 17 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13730. Two Figures in Modern Science: Galileo and Darwin.

Compares and contrasts the life work and scientific approaches of Galileo and Darwin, to see how the two men viewed the basic problems of scientific method, construction of theory, and the application of evidence to new hypotheses. Argues that both scientists achieved revolutionary breakthroughs because they were willing to look objectively at large and complex bodies of evidence. 10 pages, 14 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13479. Beaches of the East (Atlantic) and Southwest Florida Coasts.

This paper presents a survey of the ecology of barrier beaches along the U.S. Atlantic coast with a brief comparison to beaches found along the southwest Florida coast. Considers geology, current and tidal patterns, vegetation, and birds and other animals. A concluding section discusses human impact on the beaches in both areas. 12 pages, 49 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

13388. The Manhattan Project.

Covers the origins of the project to build an atomic bomb, and its development during World War II. Also discusses the facilities and people involved, Russian spies, and the effects of the project on post-war America. 11 pages, 33 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

13380. Technological Advances in Radio, Tv & Telecommunications During the 1980'S.

This paper surveys technological advancements in radio, television and telecommunications during the 1980s, discussing how advancements in one area spurred advancements in other areas. The paper focuses on several key technological advancements including fiber optics, direct satellite broadcasting, ISDN, cellular telephone and HDTV. Keywords: technology broadcasting television telecom. 13 pages; 38 footnotes; 29 bibliographic sources. 		  $91
 

13363. Animal Play.

An overview and analysis of the phenomenon of “play” observed in documented across a broad spectrum of birds and mammals. Defines animal play and the controversy surrounding the construct, describes the various categories of play, considers variations in play behavior across the life span and between sexes, and examines theories of the function and/or purpose of animal play. Keywords: animal play behavior term paper. 15 pages, 45 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

13306. From the Longbow to the Smart Missile.

Examines innovations in weapons technology, comparing the transition from the longbow to the crossbow with the development of precision guidance systems for missiles in the 20th Century. The battle of Agincourt, German rocket attacks of World War II, and smart missile use in the Gulf war are noted. 10 pages, 14 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13222. From the Long Bow to the Smart Missile.

Examines innovations in weapons technology, comparing the transition from the longbow to the crossbow with the development of precision guidance systems for missiles in the 20th ccentury. The battle of Agincourt, German rocket attacks of World War II, and smart missile use in the Gulf war are noted. 10 pages, 14 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13167. Swedish High Tech Industry.

This paper provides a description and analysis of the past, present and future of the Swedish high-tech sector. Specific areas considered include electronics, telecommunications; pharmaceuticals (bio-tech), avionics, computing, and engineering. In addition to profiling the structure and composition of Swedish high-tech industries and examining the sector's major strengths and weaknesses, the analysis considers how these industries affect the Swedish economy and the importance of these areas to Sweden's future economic competitiveness. Also included within the analysis is a profile of some of Sweden's high-tech "stars" including Ericsson, Saab, Telia, ABB, and Pharmacia. 26p. + 2-page graphical appendix. 93f., 37b. 		  $133
 

12739. Global Positioning Systems and Their Use in the Military.

The paper provides an overview of global positioning system and their use in the military, beginning with a summary of what GPS systems are and how they work (focusing on the existing American Navstar system), typical military uses including the experiences of the Desert Storm campaign of 1991, factors affecting the usefulness of GPS, and possible countermeasures and counter-countermeasures. 11 pages, 24 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

12738. Uses of Global Positioning Systems in the Fishing Industries.

In addition to a summary of what GPS systems are and how they work, the paper explores how success in the fishing industries is highly linked to effective use of GPS technology in improving basic safety and navigation, saving fuel and labor costs in more efficient voyages, administering the national regulations governing fishing, and in developing new research techniques to identify and locate fishing targets in real time. 11 pages, 20 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

12584. Ufo Conspiracy Theories and the Skeptics.

Drawing primarily on Internet websites and the response of mainstream media, this report presents an overview of UFO-conspiracy theories. Reviews five main categories of UFO-related web sites: quasi-academic, those with a "higher consciousness" agenda, entertainment-related, and skeptics. Concludes with a summary of arguments presented by UFO believers and non-believers. 12 pages, 9 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

12506. Discussion of a Central Experiment: Electromagnetic Fields and Childhood Cancer.

Considers the possible dangers of EMFs on human health through a review and analysis of Feychting and Ahlbom's (1993) seminal empirical epidemiological study of EMF-cancer links in a group of Swedish children. Defines the EMF-human health problem, discusses the epidemiological approach, and comprehensively reviews the study and the critical response to it. 13 pages, 33 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $91
 

12502. Data Quality: Business and Scientific Issues.

An examination of how business and science-based users of data stored in large databases take steps to ensure data quality and the minimization of errors. Defines data quality, considers the uses and applications of statistical quality control, and discusses methods for assessing accuracy, consistency and currency in data. Considers similarities and differences in data quality control within the business versus the scientific setting. 11 pages, 41 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

12293. Analysis of "The Art of Teaching Science" (Lewis Thomas).

In this essay, Thomas claims that students should not be taught about boring facts but rather about the "mysteries" of science which make it exciting and accessible. The paper also discusses how Thomas' own writing style reflects his concepts. 6 pages, 13 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

11135. Personal Knowledge by Michael Polanyi.

Critique of Polyani's attack on modern scientific objectivism. Looks at his theory of knowledge as shaped by the participant, and views science as a humanly created system of rationalizing theories. 5 pages, 10 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

11120. Book Review of Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution.

Presents Merchant's views on the destructive, mechanistic view of nature and her alternative conception of "monistic vitalism," an interpretation of nature as a feminine, nurturing agent. Review concludes book makes powerful case for the problems of mechanistic view but her alternative is not very convincing. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

11074. Review of s.i. Hayakawa's Language in Thought and Action

Discusses book's premise that the introduction of new technology shapes a culture's thought models and hence a culture's language. As an example, the impact of television is considered. 5 pages, 11 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

10645. The Lever of Riches by Joel Mokyr.

Review of a study of industrial technology and its development, focusing on the technological organizational and material reasons for the rise of industrial capitalism in the 18th and early 19th Centuries. 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 10645 		  $35
 

10573. The Origins and Persistence of 'Scientific' Racism in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries.

An interesting paper explaining how "impartial" scientific analyses are unknowingly influenced by cultural values. The relationship of statistics to theory is discussed and a history of "racist" scientific research is given. Based on Stephen Jay Gould's The Mismeasure of Man. 6 pages, 21 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

10548. A Book Review of Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Change by Mowery and Rosenberg.

Review of a 1991 study of the American R&D system as it has functioned over the last 130 years. Notes the shift from private to federal funding of R&D and the changing competitive environment of the global economy. 5 pages, 8 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

10528. United Parcel Service: Competitiveness, Air Operations, Foreign Ventures.

Discusses changes prompted by the fierce competition in the air carrier industry: strategies for volume discounts, package tracking, overnight service, international expansion, and technological advances. 10 pages, 6 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

10267. Military Technology and World War I.

A look at the various new weapons and transportation technologies first used in World War I. Tanks, airplanes, machine guns, poison gas, giant artillery, submarines and dirigibles are all examined for the role they played from 1914-1918; technology is seen as producing the defensive stalemate rather than providing a decisive offensive advantage. 15 pages, 34 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

09427. Helicopter Flight Simulators.

The special requirements of helicopter flight simulators are noted and state-of-the art innovations discussed. 7 pages, 11 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

09390. The Compass of Geography by Jan Broek.

Review and analysis of this book by Jan Broek. Argues that the discipline of geography as it is presented and practiced by Jan Broek is a social science. 5 pages, 5 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

09205. Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists.

Critical review of this collection of writings by leading figures of the "New Physics", the upshot of the theories of relativity and of quantum physics. Concludes that the collection does not dispel religious beliefs. 5 pages, 14 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

09118. Cameras and Their Production.

A brief monograph on camera manufacture and production since photography's inception in the early l9th century. Traces the evolution from wet plates to film to the reflex camera. 8 pages, 7 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

09116. The Advancement of Manufacturing Technology in the Automobile Industry.

Traces the development in production and manufacturing process in the automobile industry from its inception to the present. The analysis includes a discussion of how changing materials and labor usage have contributed to the transformation of the production process. 9 pages, 23 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

08971. The Differences Between Magic and Science.

Examines some of the differences between magic and science and the ways in which they express elements of rationality and the ways in which they express elements of rationality and non-rationality. 7 pages, 5 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

08617. A Hands-on Approach to Science Education.

Reviews the literature and sets up a research program to investigate the theoretical basis and practical applicability of a hands-on approach to science education. Contrasts the hands-on approach with the more traditional textbook approach in teaching elementary students. 12 pages, 42 footnotes in text, 34 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

08568. The Place of Art in Science.

Using Reveridge's The Art of Scientific Investigation as a theoretical base, argues that scientific investigation has subjective elements inspiring intuition and creativity, and thus constituting an "artistic" realm within science. 5 pages, 3 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

08421. "The Discoverers" by Daniel J. Boorstin.

Review of this informal, personal account by a respected historian. The author is criticized for his lack of documentation and overly informal style. 6 pages, 17 footnotes, 1 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

08419. Science and Human Values by J. Bronowski.

Favorable review of Bronowski's treatise which both questions the value of and defends the scientific method of inquiry. 5p. 1b. 		  $35
 

08315. Dirigible Airships.

Presents a brief history of the dirigible airship, with the focus on the transition from non-rigid to semi-rigid, to rigid types. The technical discussion is limited, although people and politics behind the airships are considered in some detail. 10 pages, 8 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

08266. Protestantism and the Spirit of Scientific Progress.

20 pages, 15 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. See section 21A. 		  $133
 

08080. Oil Exploration.

A survey which examines the growth of oil exploration methods and technology from the turn of the century to the present. Includes informaton on siesmic, magnetic, surface geology, and aerial mapping technology, as well as secondary methods. 11 pages, 13 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

07732. The Hermeneutics of Jurgen Habermas.

Well-written, clear overview of the basic points of this complex modern German philosopher, focusing on his views of the problem of subjectivity in social science investigation. Essentially, the observer must take a viewpoint based on his best judgment, and if this is done carefully valid conclusions and real communication may be achieved. Includes Habermas's arguments; comments on the importance of Habermas for dealing with the problem of subjectivity in the social sciences. 10 pages, 23 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $70
 

07707. Geologist Charles Lyell: Uniformitarianism and Religion.

An exploration of the role religion assumed in the thought of 19th Century pioneer geologist Charles Lyell. Although Lyell was a major figure in the establishment of the principle of uniformitarianism: -- that geological changes can be explained by the uniform action of basic natural processes which can be observed in the environment today -- he also accepted the Christian belief of divine creation of the earth. 8 pages, 9 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $56
 

07693. Robots in the Work Place.

This paper analyzes the introduction of automated machines into the manufacturing process, the resulting displacement of workers, and the subsequent effects on labor-management relations. 6 pages, 7 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

07515. The Development of Science and the Concept of Reason.

Basic review of the history of science, the Enlightenment, and the concept of political liberty between 1600 and 1789. How science upset religion; how Newton became the symbol of human reason; how the Enlightenment developed the ideas of political liberty and equality, and stimulated the American and French Revolutions. 6 pages, 13 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

07493. Prospects and Problems in Solar Energy.

Summary of recent experiments and developments in solar energy, no sources earlier than July 1981. Covers all major aspects: crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, amorphous silicon photo-v. cells (which Japanese companies are actively developing), wet photo-v. cells, hydrogen separation process, heliostate (mirror arrays) and turbines, solar heat collectors, solar ponds, closed-loop heat pump systems, holograms as concentrators of sunlight. Artificial satellites beaming microwave power is the only area not showing rapid progress. 11 pages, 14 footnotes, 14 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

07492A. Solar Energy.

The availability and abundance of solar energy, and the kinds and cost effectiveness of energy conversion technologies, are discussed in this study. 10 pages, 15 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

07263. Albert Einstein.

Overview of his development as a scientist and moral leader, focusing on how he gained a reputation for more than just science but wisdom itself. 4 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source. Notes in Text. 		  $28
 

07054. Nutritional Contribution of Mcdonald's to the American Diet.

Describes the fat, cholesterol, and artificial components of the hamburger giant's offerings and finds them to be a major component of America's desire to eat itself into a heart attack. 4 pages, 2 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $28
 

06721. Windmills.

A history of windpowered technology, from its origins in medieval Persia to its heyday in the Europe of the 14th to the 18th centuries, is presented. A comment on the future of wind-generated electricity is included. 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

06710. Laser Holograms.

The development of the laser holography technology is studied, with a concise description of the holographic process and the hologram as an information system. New possibilities for videodiscs, optical memory and image transmission are examined. KEYWORDS: holography technology lasers holograms. 10 pages, 6 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

06709. Albert Einstein.

The famous Swiss physicist's position in the history of science and his role as a humanist and pacifist are reviewed in this brief biography. 5 pages, 4 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

06705. Structure of Scientific Revolutions: Thomas Kuhn and His Critics.

This paper describes Kuhn's theory of scientific paradigms as the basis for normal science and change. Details sociological features of the scientific community and describes the criticism of Kuhn's theory by Popper and Labatos. 12 pages, 2 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. Notes in text. 		  $84
 

06589. Priestley, Lavoisier and 18th Century Chemistry.

A short history of the progress of the natural sciences in the 18th century, focusing on the work of Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier; the discovery of oxygen and the debunking of the "philogiston" theory are noted. 8 pages, 0 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

06235. Design Factors in Aircraft Canopy Enclosures.

This paper provides a very detailed and technical study of factors to be considered in designing aircraft windows: pressure stress, thermal stress, combined stresses, other factors; performance of some materials in the F-l4 aircraft. KEYWORDS: design technical specifications F-14 aircraft engineering. 11 pages, 4 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

06165. The Beginning and the End. By Isaac Asimov.

Lively discussion of this book, a collection of Asimov's short articles on all phases of scientific progress 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

06123. Science and Human Values by Jacob Bronowski.

Well-written book review; the subject is the values of the scientist and the search for a harmonious social philosophy. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

06110. Report on Ancient Catapults.

Detailed discussion of the construction and effects of Greek and Roman stone throwing machines, emphasizing the engineering skill used and precursors of modern inventions. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

05625. Technology and Its Social Consequences.

Benefits and disadvantage5 of technological innovation are weighed up, especially in the fields of automation, mechanization, urbanization and their resulting social problems. The middle section is little more than a list of technologically derived social benefits. The philosophical and value judgements needed to reach a conclusion are not handled. 11p. 3b. notes in text. 		  $77
 

05558. Military Applications of Laser Tecrnology.

Alternatives to present forms of military technology and hardware are proposed based on the now astronomical sums involved in equipping with conventional weapons. It is shown how a deployment of laser technology could reduce such costs and increase effectiveness. 16 pages, 21 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 2 tables. 		  $112
 

05556. Science: A Revolutionary or Conservative Realm?

A review of Kuhn's argument on the nature of scientific change and the concept of the revolutionary changes brought about by Newton and Einstein's becoming "paradigms". 6 pages, 6 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

05555. Kuhn. Structure of Scientific Revolution.

The implications of Kunhn's theory, which was developed in relation to the natural sciences, for the social and political sciences are examined. It deals with the reason that the political sciences have not become normalized in the same way as the natural sciences. 5p. 5f. 		  $35
 

05543. Science and Human Values.

Browowski's argument that scientific inspiration is based at least as much on the imagination and creativity as on logic and as such is conducive to tolerance. 4 pages, 6 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $28
 

05403. Science and Philosophy.

A critical analysis of the views of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Peter Winch, with special reference to the social sciences. 7 pages, 7 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

05214. Space? Why Not?

A positive argument against the detractors of the space programs, with a view toward the final goals of space exploration and settlement. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

05111. A Brake Lining Wear Warning System.

A project dewelopment proposal, based on a low cost sensing system designed to protect automobile owners from brake drum damage and expensive repairs. The study includes an abstract, a proposal, a description of the sensor, and a conclusion. 10 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

05052. Life on Other Planets.

The prospects for intelligent life in the universe are considered in light of modern scientific research; Sagan, Dole and others are cited in favor of the possibility of life on other worlds. 7 pages, 0 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

04904. Art and Science.

The split between C. P. Snow's Two Cultures is treated with a view to the various works of Thomas Mann, Kate Chopin and James Watson of Double Helix fame. 4 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $28
 

04888. The Impact of Technology on Culture.

A study of the impact of tecbnological change and diffusion throughout our civilization, looking at the feedback process of scientific discovery and decision making procedures. 5 pages, 6 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

04788. Scientific Method on Political Science.

A review of the literature on the scope and methods of scientific methods on the study of politics. A thoroughly documented survey of thr field. 5 pages, 15 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

04750. Scientific Progress.

Interesting essay on the "tyranny of scientific progress;" how science creates more problems than it solves, how scientists need a broader sense of ethical values. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

04541. Technological and Legal Developments in Underwater Mining.

Very good, very thorough study of the minrral wealth under the sea, and how men propose to grab it. Good discussion of technological progress; very good discussion of legal aspects of international law of the sea. Though written in late 1976, may need updating because of recent political changes (200 mile limits announced by all major countries.) 17p., 14., 17b. 		  $119
 

04418. The Logic of Scientific Research.

A general discussion of the goals and methods of science, viewing observation and description as part of the cyclical process of scientific research. Empirical research is seen as a unique way of knowing reality. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

04186. Magic, Myths and Medicine.

The evolution of magic and myth into the science of medicine is given an historical treatment. Egyptian, Hebrew and Mesopotamian medical practices are related, and the rise of medical science under the Greeks is attributed to the separation of religion and medicine by Galen and Hippocrates. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

04108. Genetic Manipulation and Individual Freedom.

The thesis is presented that genetic control by the government would result in the loss of individual freedom and liberty, due to political and scientific pressures. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

04089. Lawrence and Oppenheimer by Nuel P. Davis.

A review of Davis' biography of the two physicists, comparing their backgrounds and looking at their friendship in terms of the development of nuclear physics and the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer's security risk trial and Lawrence's final failure and death are recounted. 5p., 0f0, Ob. 		  $35
 

03928. Rosalind Franklin and Dna.

A well-done job of historical criticism, concerning the role of woman scientist in the discovery of DNA; critically compares A. Sayre's book Rosalind Franklin and DNA with other versions, giving each their due measure of praise and blame. 7 pages, 0 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

03740. Ufo S--Is There a Cover-Up?

Good, soberly vritten description of the evidence that there really is something out there and the Air Force won't tell; doesn't talk about aliens, but about sightings, AF explanations and conclusions of other resesrchers. 9 pages, 5 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 
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