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22A. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY

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13851. John Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice.

According to Holland, there are six personality types, each of which is best matched to a particular work environment. This paper discusses his theory and its implications for counselors in helping people to attain suitable careers for themselves. 6 pages, 15 footnotes, 2 bibliographic references. 		  $42
 

13753. THE MEANINGS OF FATHERHOOD IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

Based largely on social historian Ralph LaRossa's (1997) monograph, The Modernization of Fatherhood, this paper traces the evolution of the father/child relationship and the role and meanings of "father" in modern America. Examines LaRossa's central thesis that the social and economic forces of the 1920's and 1930's forged the stereotyped image of the father as a combination economic provider, male role model, and friend to his children. Considers the value of LaRossa's work as a sociological study. 6 pages, 7 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

13694. DEVIANCE IS A SOCIAL NECESSITY.

Reviews the functional and Marxian theories of criminal deviance versus deviance theories found in the classical schools of sociology and criminology. Argues that deviance is a necessary product of, and response to, authoritarian and unjust social orders, rather than an abnormal or psychologically inappropriate response to these conditions. 8 pages, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

13589. THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON BAJA CALIFORNIA'S CULTURE.

Discusses how tourism developed in Baja, as well as the various ways it has influenced the culture of the region. Also discusses differing views on the positive and negative effects that tourism has had on Baja's culture. 11 pages, 36 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

13570. NATIVE ANTHROPOLOGY.

Considers the view that ethnographic research is best done by the “insiders” of a given culture. Concludes that insider views are important not only because they are better but because they supplement the views of outsider anthropologists. 8 pages, 22 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references. 		  $56
 

13488. LABELING THEORY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE.

Drawing on the crime causation theory of labeling theory, this paper argues that labeling theory must be considered in the formulation of juvenile justice policy. Argues that the current “get tough” policies are likely to have long range negative effects on juvenile crime and delinquency. Alternatives to the “get tough” policies, including intensive supervision, group homes and decriminalization, are discussed. 14 pages, 25 footnotes, 17 bibliographic sources. 		  $98
 

13426. ATTITUDES OF CHICANOS TOWARD OTHER RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS.

Argues that there is wide variation in attitudes, but that Chicanos generally show less tolerance toward Mexican Indians and immigrants than toward outside groups. Also discusses how earlier Chicano activists sought "whiteness" at the expense of other minorities, but have recently sought increased cooperation with other groups. 15 pages, 56 footnotes, 17 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

13362. ANALYSIS OF A FAMILY'S "GENDER REGIME."

Connell's theory of the three structures of gender (division of labor, power transactions, and emotional attachment) is applied to a case study from Hochschild's The Second Shift. Shows that, although the husband of this family shares in some housework, there is clearly an unequal "his" and "hers" in this sharing. 5 pages, 20 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

13318. AN ANALYSIS OF THREE PERSPECTIVES OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY ALONG SIX DIMENSIONS.

A systematic analysis of three perspectives on organizational theory along the six dimensions of cognitive interests, dominant metaphors, primary units of analysis, basic assumptions about the relation of the individual to the organization and society, the meaning and locus of rationality, and the primary values embodied in the theories. Includes a comparative analysis in the form of a comprehensive table. 9 pages, 13 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

13282. SEXUALITY, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND RACE/ETHNICITY.

This report provides a survey and overview of recent literature on racial differences in sexuality. The first section examines what has historically been the major focus of attention among sexuality researchers who have investigated racial issues: comparisons of sexuality between Caucasian and African-Americans. The next section reviews the literature on Asian and Hispanic sexuality, particularly as it compares to sexual behaviors among White and Black Americans. A concluding section discusses explanations for racial differences in sexuality. 24 pages, 134 footnotes, 35 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

13262. PORTRAYAL OF GAYS ON TELEVISION.

Discusses history of gays on TV, then focuses on three shows: Spin City, Veronica's Closet and Will and Grace. Despite the persistence of some stereotypes, these programs show an effort to depict homosexuals as "real people." 7 pages, 8 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

13137. EXPLAINING RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR.

Following a brief review of the significant research findings on racial differences in sexual behavior, this paper provides a review and analysis of the scholarly literature which attempts to explain these differences. Considers arguments that race explains all differences, arguments that social, environmental and/or familial factors explain the divergences, and more recent arguments of multi-factor causality. 12 pages, 54 footnotes, 33 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

13131. THE PROGRAM AND PHILOSOPHY OF ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS.

The importance of a support group and spiritual values in recovery. Also considers the view of alcoholism as a "sickness" rather than a "sin," and discusses the importance of people making a voluntary commitment to the program in order for it to work. 6 pages, 20 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

13089. NON TRADITIONAL FAMILIES: IMPACT ON CHILDREN.

Based on a review of recent scholarly literature on family structure, this report examines how the recent changes in family structure and the evolution of "alternative" family structures has affected children. The first section begins with an overview of the impact of divorce, re-marriage, and step-family arrangements on children. The next section focuses on the single parent family structure and its impact on children. Included is a look at the changing structure of the single parent family itself (e.g., the rapid increase in the proportion of "never married" single parent, the growing proportion of single father families, etc.), racial differences in single parent family composition, and the differential impact (if any) of single father versus single mother family structures. A third section looks closely at the affect of gay and lesbian parental structures on children. The concluding section considers the overall affect of family structure on children. 21 pages, 93 footnotes, 35 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

12734. RURAL INTENTIONAL COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S.

Describes the advantages and disadvantages of these communities and the types of people attracted to them. Includes views of members of three communities: the Farm (a vegetarian commune), the Renaissance Community (a land cooperative) and the Cheesecake Community (a retirement community). 16 pages, 36 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $112
 

12728. AMERICA'S NEW NON-TRADITIONAL FAMILIES: THE IMPACT ON CHILDREN.

Careful, statistically-based survey of the emotional question of whether children in dual-worker, divorced, and single-parent families are "worse off" than children in "traditional" families where Mom is a full-time homemaker. Begins with detailed analysis of census data to show that 70% of America's 32 million households with children are "non-traditional," with exact stats on the various categories, including post-1945 histories of women's labor force participation, divorce and remarriage, and births to single mothers of various races. The study treats carefully through studies on causation of the evidence that children in single-parent families perform worse than children of two-parent families, showing that family income and histories of family disruption account for most of the differences observed, and also considers the evidence that both the rich and the poor suffer from America's child care situation, while the best child care actually improves children's performance compared to the average family. Concludes that type of family structure is one of the most important influences on outcomes of individuals, but that individual cases must still be considered individually with a myriad of variables. 12p. 10b. 22f. 		  $84
 

12647. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

This paper addresses the question of whether social stratification in the United States is becoming more or less fluid. The argument is advanced that while on some measures - notably education - there has been a significant shift away from ascription and towards achievement in status attainment, the net impact on fluidity has been negligible. Additional arguments against fluidity presented include multiple indicators of increasing social inequality and the growing evidence of the formation of a socially immobile underclass. A concluding section considers possible measures the US government might take to increase the fluidity of social stratification. KEYWORDS: social mobility social stratification us class inequity underclass. APA Style. 11 pages, 45 footnotes, 25 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

12633. CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.

This investigation presents an overview of the interaction between culture and management around the globe. In addition to defining culture and identifying some of the major culturally-bound variables of management style, the analysis considers some of the main approaches - and the problems therein - to studying culture in comparative management. KEYWORDS: globalization culture management international managers cultural factors global business. APA Style. 10 pages, 41 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

12615. IN-GROUP VS. OUT-GROUP DISTINCTIONS IN COLLECTIVIST CULTURES.

Implications for International Business. This paper provides a close focus on Hofstede's (1991) observation that "the distinction between in-group and out-groups which is so essential in the collectivist culture pattern has far-reaching consequences for business relationships, beyond those between employers and employees" (p. 66). Following an overview of Hofstede's (1991) individualist-collectivist dimension of culture and a more detailed discussion of its implications for the in-group versus out-group distinction, the analysis examines the consequences of the collectivist cultures' treatment of in- and out-groups for international business relationships, looking specifically at its impact on inter- and extra-firm negotiations, organizational structures, and HRM (human resources management) structures and processes. 15 pages, 51 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

12595. CELEBRITY ROLE MODELS.

Discusses their influence on socialization and the development of self-concept. Also discusses identification with negative celebrity role models and the need for young people to be taught that celebrities are not infallible and that "everyday heroes" can also be role models. 17 pages, 34 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources. 		  $119
 

12568. GROUPS: INTERACTION AND PERFORMANCE BY JOSEPH MCGRATH.

Discusses topics and themes in this book about the study of group types and group interaction processes and applies them to two real world group examples - Alcoholic Anonymous groups and local branches of anti-abortion groups. 6 pages, 8 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

12543. UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING REVOLUTIONS: IS IT POSSIBLE.

Intelligent, well-organized summary of the development and progress of a 1990's scholarly debate on political revolution, featuring Jack Goldtone, Nikki Keddie, Charles Tilly and others. Includes definition and importance of revolution, the evolution of structuralism and its critics since the 1960's, notable recent studies of revolution, Goldtone's claim to predict revolutions and the critical response, factors preventing predictions, conclusion stresses scholarship's never-ending search for fundamental factors despite infinite variety of actual cases. 11p., 26 notes in text, 4b. 		  $77
 

12389. WHY CHANGE IS NOT WORKING IN MOST ORGANIZATIONS.

This paper reviews the key points and examines the validity of a recent article by the National Underwriter Life & Health company which explores the reasons behind the failure of organizational change efforts. Considers how to apply the information from the perspective of an internal management consultant. 5 pages, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

12372. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR & CORPORATE CHANGE.

The analysis applies three theories of organizational behavior/employee motivation theories (Herzberg's Motivation-hygiene theory, equity theory, and goal-setting theory) to the process of organizational change (downsizing, restructuring, re-engineering, corporate culture change) at General Electric Company as it has occurred from 1981 to present. The link between changing employees' behavior and attitudes and successful organizational transformation is emphasized. 12 pages, 27 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

12363. AFRICAN AMERICAN SUICIDE.

This paper profiles and examines suicidal behavior among African Americans. Following a summary profile of suicide rates among African Americans in general and specific age and gender related categories, the investigation examines some of the reasons behind Blacks' lower rate of suicide (versus whites), considers forces spurring increasing rates of suicide among specific age and gender related categories, and looks at strategies for prevention. 16 pages, 41 footnotes, 23 bibliographic sources. 		  $112
 

12158. INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE.

This paper examines the status and history of interracial marriage in the U.S., profiling the statistical composition of mixed-race marriages, considering some of the factors spurring the increase, and examining the structure of interracial marriage in terms of gender, age, socioeconomic considerations, previous marriages, decision to have children, and other factors. The principal focus is on black-white intermarriage, although comparative data on other forms of interracial marriage are included as well. 13 pages, 29 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $91
 

12108. WHY ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZE AS HIERARCHIES.

This paper considers the question of why organizations organize as hierarchies. The analysis also considers the benefits, functions and potential disadvantages of hierarchy as well as possible alternatives to hierarchy in organizations. 6 pages, 11 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

12089. MAX WEBER'S THEORY OF THE CHARISMATIC PERSONALITY AND THOMAS MANN'S THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN.

Discusses how the character Mynheer Peeperkorn in Mann's novel fits Weber's model of the charismatic personality. Includes such factors as leadership in a time of distress, enthusiasm, following one's own values, and having a strong sense of purpose. Also considers the "supernatural: elements of charisma as well as its fragility. The use of gestures by Peeperkorn (a factor not covered by Weber) is also discussed. 7 pages, 28 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

12060. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE AND EMILE DURKHEIM ON THE IDEALS OF CONDUCT AND SOCIAL LIFE.

Shows that both men emphasized the role of the individual in making moral decisions. However, Nietzsche felt that the individual is alone in a struggle against the world, whereas Durkheim saw the individual as being part of a collective consciousness. 6 pages, 16 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

11915. TOFFLER AND KOSSEN'S CONCEPTS OF "FUTURE SHOCK" AND "THE INFORMATION AGE."

This paper defines these theories and examines their roles on organizational change. Experiments are cited to show the relation between technological change and morale. 9 pages, 12 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

11914. FAMILY SOCIOLOGY.

Drawing primarily on Kantor and Lehr's (1975) work "Inside the Family," this paper presents an overview and analysis of family process. The first section provides a summary description of Kantor and Lehr's 5-component family systems model which describes the central functions, structures and processes of the family. The second section presents a critique of this system's model in light of fundamental changes in the form and structure of contemporary American families. 12 pages, 31 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

11694. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS AND TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES.

Drawing on Braudel's The Wheels of Commerce and Heilbroner's The Making of Economic Society, the paper investigates the question: "Could the Industrial Revolution have occurred in a traditional (pre-capitalist) society? Why or why not?" Concludes that a traditional society could not have produced an Industrial Revolution, because of its dependence on many different economic and social circumstances linked to capitalist societies. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

11694. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS AND TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES.

See Section 7D. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

11638. CORE FACTORS IN GROUP PROCESS.

Describes and analyzes Yalom's 11 core factors in group therapy within the broader context of the group dynamics and organizational change literature. Given OD's focus on group processes and change versus the change of individual client members, the analysis also considers the therapeutic factors that differentiate group interventions from individual therapy. 15 pages, 36 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

11616. SIGMUND FREUD'S THEORY OF THE ORIGINS OF SACRIFICE.

Knowledgeable discussion of Freud's theories of the ideal origins of sacrifice as a central rite in religion, based on Freud's reliance on anthropologist Robertson-Smith, and later writers Henninger, Hubert & Mauss, and Maccoby. 16 pages, 31 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources. 		  $112
 

11611. GAY BASHING.

Investigates gay bashing in contemporary American society. Following a review of trends (incidence, settings) and victim demographics, the analysis focuses on the perpetrators: their demographic composition, their modis operandi, and their motivations. 11 pages, 32 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

11507. BUSINESS ANALYSIS: UNITED AIRLINES.

Business analysis of one of America's Big Three airlines, in format of short subsections including history, business summary and mission, future strategy alternatives, and recommendations. Gives a no-holds-barred summary of the good and bad points of United and its competitors, focusing on the airline industry's struggle to keep marginal cost below marginal revenue, United's two 1994 shakeups (employee buyout/wage reduction deal, United Shuttle and other price-cutting) United's war with Southwest, and offers a new business strategy for 1995, including new marketing techniques to increase passenger revenues per mile. 20 pages, 25 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11500. WHAT IS SOCIOBOLOGY?

Provocative review of an article by Sociobiology founder E.O. Wilson. Criticizes Wilson's ability to explain his theory, contrasts his basic thrust that human behavior is genetically determined with his many apologies that the details of culture cannot be genetically determined. Attempts to apply his abstract pronouncements to concrete examples of animal and human behavior show that Wilson cannot say anything meaningful to add to the existing discussions on human ethics, meanings and motivations. 8p. Notes in Text, 1b. 		  $56
 

11434. TWO POLITICAL THEORISTS: HANNAH ARENDT & MAX WEBER.

This paper compares and contrasts the political theories of Hannah Arendt and Max Weber. Examines their definitions of the political sphere and people's role in politics, the separation/conflict between the political and public spheres, and the role of power in politics. 12 pages, 34 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

11397. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND, 1979-1994.

See Section 10F. 20 pages, 47 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11397. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN POLAND, 1979-1994.

History of the Catholic church in Poland, covering most of the post-WWII period with a close focus on the period from 1979-94. Includes Wyszynski and early career of Karol Wojtyla, his election as Pope John Paul II, role of the Church under all periods of Communist regime, detailed history of Church maneuvers through the Solidarity/martial law period of 1980-83, Church role in the constitutional reforms of 1985, and how the Church became autocratic, demanding and voted down in 1989 elections and after. 20 pages, 47 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11366. LABELING THEORY.

Following a brief summary of labeling theory, this paper analyzes four significant research articles examining the validity of the theory. Concludes that labeling theory is valid. Discusses criminal justice policy implications. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

11361. THE CULTURAL ROOTS OF VIOLENCE.

Explores the issue of whether violence is culturally created, looking specifically at the case of the U.S. Based on a brief review of literature, examines the argument that violence is culturally created versus the opposing side which argues other causative factors. Supports that notion that cultural beliefs are a root causative factor in America's high violent crime rate. 6 pages, 15 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

11240. SOCIOLOGY AND COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS.

Compares and contrasts psychological and business administration approaches to organizations to that of sociological analysis. 24 pages, 52 footnotes, 29 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11239. LINZ ON DEMOCRACY AND MODELS.

Describes theories of Juan Linz and Matthew Shugart regarding presidential and parliamentary democracies, comparing and contrasting degrees of freedom in both models and analyzing Linz's arguments on legitimacy efficacy. 21 pages, 31 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11126. SOCIOLOGICAL AND OTHER PERSPECTIVES ON COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS.

Discusses the history of sociology, the increasing pervasiveness of sociological analysis in other disciplines, and the resulting identity crisis for sociology. Particular discussion of the decline of bureaucracy and attendant implications for the importance of sociology. Concludes new hybrid organizational structures will ensure need for sociology as a pure discipline. 20 pages, 8 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

11096. MAX WEBER ON BUREAUCRACY.

The German sociologist's theory of the modern legal rational system of control as a bureaucracy is analyzed. The concepts of legal norm, hierarchal organization, and impersonal rational operators are described. 17 pages, 18 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $119
 

11090. SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MEMBERS OF THE BRITISH HOUSE OF COMMONS.

Discusses differences between amateur and professional politicians: effective scope of influence, personal and professional traits. Summarizes survey of British House of Commons from 1918 - 1955 and reports general characteristic groups, factored by time period. Considers impact of system of government efficiacy. 6 pages, 9 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

11039. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE.

Examines the role of advancing telecommunications and data processing technology on the structure and operations of organizations. IT in startups, mature and declining organizations are compared, and strategies for more effective communication of information are analyzed. 11 pages, 14 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

11007. CHANGE AND THE WEST.

See Section 1. 5 pages, 6 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

11002. CONFLICT THEORY AND THE CARGO CULTS.

Analyzes the customs of the Melanesian Islanders in terms of Conflict Theory (a Marxist perspective which views competition as the principal force behind social change). Interesting history of culture and excellent analysis of the different levels of conflict simultaneously occurring. 5 pages, 10 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

10669. A PARSONIAN AND NEO-MARXIST ANALYSIS OF THE 1992 RIOTS.

A Neo-Marxist class warfare analysis is contrasted with a Parsonian analysis which stresses that the rioters share similar values with the mainstream population. Both are found to exclude contributing factors. 8 pages, 8 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

10628. FORMATION OF RACIAL CATEGORIES.

Examines the social, political, and economic basis of racial categories. The concept of race is seen as a means of keeping social hierarchies and economic classes in their place. 10p.. 6f. 1b. 		  $70
 

10499. SOCIAL MOBILITY AND SOCIAL BARRIERS IN AMERICA.

Race and ethnicity are viewed as the primary barriers to social mobility and its facilitator, education. Poverty is also discussed. 10 pages, 25 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

10488. THE SECULARIZATION OF SOCIETY AND THE CRISIS OF THEOLOGY.

A discussion and analysis of sociologist Peter Berger's theories on the historical elements of the secularization of society and the crisis this presents for contemporary religion. 7 pages, 11 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $49
 

10437. THE DEFINITION OF RACE AND THE ROLE OF COLOR IN "THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN" BY JAMES WELDON JOHNSON.

The first part of the paper is a review of the period literature on race (the book was published in 1912). Next follows a discussion of Johnson's book (incorporating comparisons from/to Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard) which used his life experiences to support the modern view of race as a social construct. 8 pages, 19 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

10418. THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION IN WESTERN CIVILIZATION.

This paper looks at the process of modernization, considering some of the central factors critical to its emergence in Western Civilization as well as the extent to which this process of modernization is responsible for such contemporary "problems" as resource depletion, overpopulation, environmental degradation and the secularization of consciousness. 12 pages, 27 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

10104. DE PIZAN'S CITY OF LADIES.

The social and aesthetic functions of costume in late medieval society are explored through an analysis of Cristine de Pizan's feminist tract The City of Ladies. 14 pages, 21 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $98
 

09829. TWO THEORIES OF ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR.

A comparison of the views of Hamilton (1964) and Trivers (1971) on the sociobiology of altruistic behavior; the first sees altruism as a positive selection within species, the second as a reciprocal behavior within areas and between species. 8 pages, 14 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

09735. CAUSES OF THE BRITISH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

The causes of England's lead in the Industrial Revolution are examined: domestic factors such as coal production, labor force and native invention are seen as less important than the drive for foreign trade, and the promotion of science, technology, and industry by the government. 16p. + 1 table, 15f., 8b. 		  $112
 

09690. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY IN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN SOCIETY.

Reviews the historical development of organizational theory. Compares and contrasts the classical approach popularized by Weber with the neoclassical approach stressing open systems and human relations management. 10 pages, 17 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

09688. ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR.

Considers the criteria and factors involved in achieving organizational effectiveness within the public sector. The investigation traces organizational theory, noting its fragmentation and its limitations, and notes some of the difficulties in applying programs and procedures designed for the private sector to the public agency. 10 pages, 12 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

09558. GIFT GIVING.

Considers the social, personal and economic dimensions of gift giving from a sociological and anthropological perspective. Provides a typology of the components of gift giving. 6 pages, 24 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

09542. THE SANE SOCIETY BY ERICH FROMM.

A chapter by chapter summary of Fromm's book which questions whether or not society as a whole is sane. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

09534. TECHNOLOGY AND IDENTITY.

Comparison of two different perspectives (Horkheimer's and Adorno's "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment and Mass Deception," 1944; and DeLillo's White Noise, 1986) on capitalist technology's effects on individual consciousness and behavior. 5 pages, 13 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

09519. THE SOCIOLOGY OF AN ORGANIZATION: ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS.

Traces the sociology of AA, according to Kanter's model of the six mechanisms of control over group commitment and cohesion (sacrifice, investment, renunciation, communion, mortification, and transcendence). Analyzes AA principles, norms, nomenclature, and ritual, assessing how these mechanisms maintain group unity. 12 pages, 18 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

09515. COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR AND INDIVIDUAL AGGRESSION.

This term paper examines alternative psychological views on how group authority challenges or acquiesces to individual aggressive and anti-social behavior. 12 pages, 28 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 2,873 words. 		  $84
 

09494. THE EFFECT OF PROXIMITY ON COMMUNICATION IN SMALL GROUPS: INSIGNIFICANT FACTOR OR NEGLECTED SUBJECT.

Noting an absence of literature on the effects of proximity on small group communication, the study investigates evidence of such effect as noted in literature on proxemics, social psychology, and intragroup behavior. 14 pages, 32 footnotes, 26 bibliographic sources. 		  $98
 

09486. RACE IDENTITY AND NOMENCLATURE.

Investigates the evolution of race appellations for American Blacks, both in terms of dominant (white) group labeling and in terms of self-reference. The shift from "black" to "colored" to "Negro" to "Black" and finally to "African-American" is examined in detail. Considers the social forces involved in these shifts in appellation as well as the social consequences of such changes. 19 pages, 42 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

09466. ERVING GOFFMANN'S THE PRESENTATION OF SELF IN EVERYDAY LIFE.

A critical review of the 1973 study of self-presentation in social interaction. 6 pages, 11 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

09356. STEREOTYPING OF WOMEN'S SEX ROLES IN CONTEMPORARY ART, MUSIC AND TV COMMERCIALS.

Argues that the arts and the media as a whole project demeaning sex roles for women through the process of stereotyping. 7 pages, 11 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

09328. MARX AND WEBER ON MODERNIZATION AND AMERICA.

A comparison of Marx's class-based view of American democracy with Weber's sociological approach. 8 pages, 11 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

09321. WEBER'S THEORY OF EDUCATION.

The role and function of the educational system is considered from the perspective of Weber's theories. Weber's views on status groups, dominance, and bureaucracy are described. The analysis contends that in Weber's view, the primary duty of the schools is to teach particular status cultures which reflect the values of the social groups which control them. 15 pages, 14 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

09309. THE PROBLEM OF CRIME: TWO VIEWPOINTS.

A review and analysis of Wilson and Herrnstein's Crime and Human Nature and Currie's Confronting Crime -- An American Challenge which present two diametrically opposed viewpoints on the causes and cures for crime in the U.S. Favors Currie's more "liberal" approach and sharply criticizes Wilson and Herrnstein's rather arrogant approach to their topic. 12 pages, 11 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

09307. "CRIME AND HUMAN NATURE" BY WILSON AND HERRNSTEIN AND "CONFRONTING CRIME" BY ELLIOT CURIE.

A comparative analysis of these two works which take a conservative and liberal view, respectively, on the causes and possible solutions to crime in America. Argues that while there may be some basis of truth in Wilson's view of "constitutional" factors in criminality, Currie's arguments concerning the economic basis of criminality are more convincing if we are to look for solutions to the problem. 12 pages, 24 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

09148. THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS OF 1692: UNDERLYING CAUSES.

An analysis which examines the underlying social, political, and economic causes for the witchcraft hysteria of l7th Century Salem, MA. Argues that no single factor was responsible; rather a combination of economic hardship, the particular social structure configurations of the time, the doctrine of Puritanism, local political divisiveness, and the possible influence of ergot poisoning. 11 pages, 23 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

09136. WOMEN AND WORK.

The essay addresses the current status of women in the U.S. workforce from an historical perspective. Present status is considered in terms of salary, occupational concentrations, and their status relative both to traditional roles and to the position of men. Concludes with a look to the future and speculations on the implications of the feminization of poverty. 10 pages, 26 footnotes, 11 annotated bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

09126. TEACHER BEHAVIOR AND STUDENT PERFORMANCE.

Presents three common types of nonverbal communication (sile, tone of voice, and type of body posture) and indicates how they affect student learning. 5 pages. 13 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

09055. HISTORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (OD): ISSUES, CONFLICTS AND TRENDS.

Traces the development of organizational development (OD), analyzing historical changes in its theory and application. Reviews the inherent conflict between "bottom line" performance objectives and the traditionally "human centered" values of OD theory and discusses the growing importance of organizational culture within OD theory and practice. Founders and major theorists in the field, including Argyris, Herzberg, Maslow, Lewin, French and Bell, are discussed. KEYWORDS: organizational development organization theory behavior OD human resources management. Turabian style with endnotes. 20 pages, 43 footnotes, 38 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

09035. SOCIAL DARWINISM AND MODERN SOCIETY.

The roots of Social Darwinism in the theory of evolution and Spencer's interpretation are examined in this study. 7 pages, 5 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

08990. SUICIDE IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD.

This investigation provides an overview and analysis of suicide in Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Israel, looking at various factors which have been statistically correlated to the rate of suicide in developed countries. Durkheim's theory of suicide is discussed and the various types of suicide explicated. The influence of underlying culture, religiosity, family structure, and economic structure are examined. KEYWORDS: suicide durkheim anomie suicide rates causes types of suicide. 15 pages, 36 footnotes, 26 bibliographic sources. 3,791 words. 		  $105
 

08911. FACTORS IMPACTING BIRTH RATES IN INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES, 1946 - PRESENT.

Presents and analyzes factors which have played a role in the declining birth and fertility rates in industrialized countries since 1946. Includes an examination of theories of fertility decline considered in relation to factors which have been shown to have a direct link to birth rates. 13 pages, 35 footnotes, 20 bibliographic sources. 		  $91
 

08642. COMPARISON OF TWO ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS.

Compares and contrasts the kulturkreise concept of the German diffusionists with the age-area principle of the American historical school. Demonstrates that from a theoretical framework, each approach has deficiencies which the other seeks to address. 11 pages, 9 footnotes in text, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

08641. COMPARISON OF LEVI-STRAUSS WITH RADCLIFFE-BROWN AND MALINOWSKI.

Compares and contrasts the cultural ecological approach of Marvin Harris and the structuralism of Levi-Strauss with the structural-functional school of Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski. Distinctions between the theorists are seen to hinge upon discussions of structure and function as intrinsic to humans. 10 pages, 15 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

08629. WOMEN IN BUSINESS -- PATHS OF SUCCESS.

Explores some of the ways in which the role of women in business has changed during the past decade. Discusses the kinds of paths women take to achieve career success, including the kinds of jobs held, the fields that are most promising, and future possibilities. Emphasizes the methods women use to integrate themselves into a male-dominated business world. 12 pages, 12 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

08594. DISCRIMINATION.

Explores a common theme of dehumanization which lies behind the development of discriminatory action against ethnic minorities. Development of discrimination against Blacks, Asians, Indians, and Mexican-Americans in the U.S. is discussed. 6 pages, 7 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

08179. "GROWING UP ABSURD" BY PAUL GOODMAN.

Favorable review, with especially favorable comments on Goodman's analysis of the "organized man" in 1950s-1960s American society. 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

08059. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY AND I.B.M.

A case study of the I.B.M. organization and how its flexible nature allows it to adapt to changing conditions. Relates I.B.M.'s success to an overview of organizational theory and details I.B.M.'s role in the rapidly expanding computer industry. 25 pages, 31 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

08025. MODERN ORGANIZATIONS.

A book review on the role of organizations in today's society. Defines the characteristics of an organization and the three main approaches toward organizational theory. 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

07388. EXCHANGE THEORY.

Study and summary of the ideas of interacting, reciprocity, and exchange in the development of sociological theory. Though not a formal school until the work of G. Homans in the 1950s, elements of exchange theory were anticipated by G. Simmel, Max Weber, B. Malinowski, Talcott Parsons and others. Recent theories of G. Homans and Peter Blau which link social behavior to economic exchanges. Finds the idea is useful in some basic relationships, but should not be expected to explain all social relationships. 8 pages, 15 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

07387. CONFLICT THEORY.

Scholarly survey of conflict theories in sociology, examining Marx, Spencer, Bagehot, L. Umplowicz, C. Ratzenhofer, A. W. Small, G. Simmel, G. B. Vold, and L. Coser. Concentrates on conflict as an important aspect of social life, but not the only one; the best theories are balanced. Uses U.S. domestic conflict over Vietnam as an example of conflict leading to adoption of new (political) norms. 10 pages, 22 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

07386. SOCIAL BEHAVIORISM IN SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY.

Study and summary of social behaviorism in the theory of sociology. How it arose as a response to conflicting theories of organicism, conflict and formalism; influence of early psychological behaviorism and philosophy of William James. Examples of social behaviorists include G. Tarde, F. Giddings, Max Weber, C. H. Cooley, G. H. Mead; discussion of their work stresses their emphasis on empirical facts. Weber's theory of bureaucracy as an example of an application of the theory, and pros and cons of the theory. 8 pages, 15 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

07385. PREJUDICE: A BOOK REVIEW.

Thorough review and summary of this book of three essays by T. Pettigrews, G. Frederickson and D. Knobel, and N. Glazer and R. Ueda. The first section covers the psychology of prejudice and prejudiced behavior; the second covers the history of bigotry in America; the third covers the history of overcoming prejudice in America. Though race prejudice cannot be destroyed through laws alone, we have come a long way. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $70
 

07382. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION: AN ESSAY.

Civilization may be defined as a distinctive human culture existing in a recognized territory over a number of generations with urban centers and institutionalized political authority and a distinctive culture of specialized arts and sciences. The distinguishing features of a civilization as opposed to a society are then considered in material terms: economic system, tools, and styles of art. This essay, however, will argue that a recognized institutionalized religion is also one of the distinguishing characteristics of a human civilization and one that has had a very important effect on the development and maintenance of civilization throughout history. 5 pages, 2 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

06056. WHAT IS SOCIAL SCIENCE?

A paper exploring the social science theories of Homans and Nisbet on the issue of whether social science is indeed a science or an art. 7p. 2b. 12f. 		  $49
 

06055. STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS USA.

An analysis of the organizational changes needed in this small left of center group if it is to survive and meet its own goals. The group's uneven attempts at working within the two party system and the pressure to remain outside it are documented. 12p. 7b. 10f. 		  $84
 

06024. SOCIAL SCIENCE AND INTERACTION.

A comparison of social-scientific approach which emphasizes exchange-type interactions and that which stresses individual biological neurological development. Critical of both. 10 pages, 7 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

06004. SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION.

An examination of the logical and philosophical basis of the motion that human societies "evolve" and some modern social-scientific views of the subject. Argues that "economics" in the broad sense is a useful basis for classifying societies. 10 pages, 9 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

05963. SHOGUN.

The problems of an individual trying to adapt to and manipulate an alien culture and value system, using James Clavell's novel of 16th century Japan as a starting point. 10p. 6f. 3 sources cited in footnotes. 		  $70
 

05954. ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS.

A diagnosis of the problems of a small political group in terms of Organization Development (OD) and boundary-maintenance. 5 pages, 3 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 
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