"U.S. DOMESTIC POLITICS; PART 1" Term Paper Section
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"U.S. DOMESTIC POLITICS; PART 1" TERM PAPERS

 

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19B. U.S. DOMESTIC POLITICS; PART 1

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15648. ONLINE GAMBLING: A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS. This paper provides a legal perspective on Internet gambling, examining the various social, political, and legal issues raised by the proliferation of this new form of gambling. Following an overview of the major political/social positions surrounding online gambling, the investigation profiles and legal position of Internet gambling, looking at state law, federal law, and proposed legislation. Concludes that existing federal and state law is adequate to prosecute Internet gambling operators, including those in foreign jurisdictions, yet notes that enforcement will remain problematic at best. KEYWORDS: internet casinos online gambling law gaming industry. APA Style. 15 pages, 43 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 4,210 words.   $105
 
15642. FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DOMESTIC CIVIL RIGHTS: CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS OF THE 1960'S AND THE VIETNAM WAR. This paper explores how foreign affairs and U.S. foreign policy affected the civil rights movement during the Cold War period of the 1960's. Following a background summary of the civil rights movement in the 1950's and 1960's, and a discussion of the bi-directional link between foreign affairs and the seemingly purely domestic affair of civil rights, the analysis looks more closely at the impact of the Vietnam War on the civil rights movement in the 1960's, focusing on the responses of two of the major African-American leaders of the era - Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., -- but also considering the general impact of foreign affairs of the civil rights movement and its major leaders and organizations during the 1960's. It will be argued that the escalation of the Vietnam War in the mid-1960's was a fateful turning point in the history of the civil rights movements. KEYWORDS: naacp civil rights foreign policy martin luther king racial discrimination foreign affairs. 22 pages, 43 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 6,160 words.   $133
 
15630. WIND POWER: TODAY'S MOST PROMISING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the current state and future potential of wind power as a source of energy throughout the world, with particular focus on the use of wind power in the United States. The investigation includes a review of the current state of the art in wind power technology, an overview of the size and scope of the current and potential wind power market, both globally and specifically in the U.S., and an examination of existing and potential barriers to wind power expansions. KEYWORDS: alternative energy wind power markets. 18 pages, 47 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources.   $126
 
15611. PREDICTIVE GENETIC TESTING IS INHERENTLY UNETHICAL WITHIN THE EXISTING U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM. This paper analyzes the ethically complex and controversial issue of predictive genetic testing. It will be argued that given the current conditions in the U.S. healthcare system, the use of predictive genetic testing is inherently unethical and should be prohibited because it may harm patients and result in injustices. It is argued that the benefits of genetic testing are grossly overstated (e.g., there are often no treatments available for genetic diseases) and that the risks, especially those related to breach of patient confidentiality, loss of insurance, and discrimination in employment, are grossly understated. It is maintained that barring the implementation of a system of universal healthcare, predictive genetic testing will remain an ethically unviable proposition. 18 pages, 26 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources.   $126
 
15597. "MEGAN'S LAW" AS A VIOLATION OF THE EX POST FACTO CLAUSE. It is argued that the notification provisions of sex-offender registration laws are a violation of the Constitution's prohibition against retroactive punishments. In making this argument, various Federal Court and Supreme Court opinions, as well as the debate over how "punishment" is defined, are discussed. 12 pages, 34 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.   $84
 
15596. CALIFORNIA'S PROPOSITION (1978). It is argued that Prop. 13 marked a turning point in American politics in the use of ballot initiatives for the purpose of attaining "direct democracy." Using the 1978 property tax reform as an example, ballot initiatives and the controversies over their use are discussed. 10 pages, 29 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
15593. THE FAILURE OF 1960'S LIBERAL REFORMS. This paper examines the governmental efforts at liberal reform (such as the "Great Society" programs of the Johnson Administration). The flaws in such programs led to riots among disenchanted minority groups, the creation of a radicalized "New Left," and a reaction among "Neo-Conservatives" who were opposed to the "welfare state" and the neglect of "middle Americans." 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.   $35
 
15585. THE "INCUMBENCY EFFECT" IN CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS. Despite low approval ratings in opinion polls, incumbents have many advantages over newcomers in elections. For example, voters tend to prefer candidates with prior experience, and incumbents have better access to funding sources. The paper concludes with some suggestions for creating a more level "playing field" in Congressional elections. 14 pages, 43 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.   $98
 
15584. LINCOLN'S VIEWS ON SLAVERY. In his speeches and writings throughout his career, Lincoln showed that he was opposed to slavery and believed that it was contrary to the wishes of the Founding Fathers. In addition, although he had a conservative (and cautious) political viewpoint, Lincoln hoped that his Emancipation Proclamation would lead to change in the nation's race relations. 11 pages, 21 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources.   $77
 
15582. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND "MEGAN'S LAW." This paper concerns the laws that have arisen since the 1990's regarding registration and community notification in cases involving released sex offenders. It is argued that despite the apparent unconstitutional elements in the laws (relating to such issues as bill of attainder, the Ex Post Facto clause, double jeopardy and cruel and unusual punishment), they have been mostly upheld by the courts for the sake of "community protection." 11 pages, 36 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources.   $77
 
15573. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE "REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT." This paper discusses the sources of Jefferson's political theory and how the Declaration represents his views on governmental power and human rights. It is argued that the purpose of the Declaration was to stir up and maintain a revolutionary spirit, and to unite the Colonists in a common cause, the ultimate purpose of which was to create a new nation built on the principles of equality. 10 pages, 27 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
15555. DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING'S VIEWS AS SEEN IN HIS FINAL SPEECH ("I SEE THE PROMISED LAND"). How the basic themes of King's 1968 speech reflected the major concerns of his career, particularly his dream to attain unity of all people and his belief in using non-violent methods to protest discrimination and injustice. References to some of King's other speeches and writings are also made. 6p., 21f., 7b.   $42
 
15532. CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR. Argues that the view of historian Howard Zinn (that the war was caused by economic conflicts rather than concerns about the morality of slavery) is limited. Compares this view with those of other historians and concludes that the war was due to multiple causes; these included cultural and political differences between the North and South, and especially divisiveness over the issue of the abolition of slavery. Includes outline. 12 pages, 28 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $84
 
15524. INAUGURAL ADDRESS FOR A FICTITIOUS MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY. Speech by a fictitious write-in candidate who has won the mayoral race because of his/her reputation as a philosopher, influenced by the ideas of Plato in the Republic. The speech includes suggestions (based on the views that education is important and that every citizen has a role to fulfill) regarding ways to deal with three major problems in the city: crime, homelessness and unemployment. 6 pages, 7 footnotes, 4 bibliographic sources.   $42
 
15516. THE REPUTED SEXUAL AFFAIRS OF AMERICAN PRESIDENTS. A paper on the alleged extramarital affairs of various presidents, including (among others) Jefferson, Cleveland, Franklin Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and especially Harding, Kennedy and Clinton. In addition, the differing views of historians on these alleged affairs are discussed. 14 pages, 35 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources.   $98
 
15509. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES. Using a managerial perspective, this paper describes both and pros and cons of affirmative action, and argues that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. The various flaws of the policies are discussed and it is concluded that the only real solution to discrimination and inequality is for society in general to become more "color-blind" in the assessment of individual merit. 10 pages, 16 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
15499. INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM: FOCUS ON THE MIDDLE EAST. This paper provides an overview and analysis of international terrorism, with a focus on Middle Eastern terrorist groups (including Al-Qaida, Hamas, Hizbollah and the Egyptian Jihad) and the U.S. and international response to the terrorist threat from these groups. The analysis begins with a brief history and overview of international terrorism. The next section describes a few of the most significant Middle East terrorist organizations now posing a threat to the international community (particularly the U.S. and its interests abroad). The final section examines the international and domestic policy and legal responses to international terrorism, looking at the most significant U.N. conventions and treaties as well as specific U.S. policies, executive orders, and legislation. 20p., 71f., 31b.   $133
 
15496. BIN LADEN AND THE AL QAEDA TERRORIST NETWORK. A profile of the terrorist group believed to be responsible for the September 11th attacks. The analysis includes a review of the history of Al Qaeda and its leader, including an exploration of the group's origins, general motivations, organization/strength and previous actions against the U.S. and U.S. interests abroad. The analysis considers the evidence linking Al Qaeda to the September 11th attacks and examines the organization's purposes in making the attack. Finally, the analysis examines how the U.S. has responded to-date by the threat posed by Al Qaeda. The concluding section makes suggestions about strategies that might be useful in fighting this organization. KEYWORDS: osama bin laden terrorists al qaeda al qaida terrorism terrorist cells networks. 14 pages, 42 footnotes, 31 bibliographic references. 4,114 words.   $98
 
15480. GLOBAL WARMING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: OUTLOOK AND POLICY RESPONSE. This research paper provides an overview and analysis of the global warming problem as it is understood at the beginning of the 21st century. The paper begins with a definition and history of global warming. The next section surveys the literature on global warming trends over the past century, reviews the latest predictions on global warming over the next century, and summarizes the predicted consequences of such warming. The final section of the essay examines the domestic and international policy responses to the global warming problem. 20 pages, 71 footnotes, 36 bibliographic sources.   $133
 
15464. JACK RUBY: CONSPIRATOR IN THE KENNEDY ASSASSINATION. This term paper provides an overview and analysis of Jack Ruby's personal and criminal background, and considers his associations with mobsters and law enforcement officials. The essay considers Ruby's motivations for killing Oswald and examines theorists' view of Ruby's potential role as a co-conspirator. The term paper concludes that Ruby was not part of a larger conspiracy and finds that Ruby's motivations for killing Oswald were linked with his emotional instability. KEYWORDS: jfk president kennedy assassination jack ruby conspiracy lee harvey oswald term paper. APA Style. 16 pages, 35 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources.   $112
 
15463. MEXICAN IMMIGRATION & ACCULTURATION. This research paper provides an overview and analysis of Mexican immigration and acculturation/assimilation in the United States. The essay begins with a background overview on the history and current character of Mexican immigration to the U.S. Following a discussion of models of assimilation/acculturation, the paper then focuses on the acculturation/ assimilation of Mexican immigrants and their descendants, looking at factors such as language acquisition, economic integration, and adoption of American social-cultural values and traditions. KEYWORDS: mexican immigration immigrants mexican-americans assimilation language acquisition mexicans term paper. MLA Style. 16 pages, 57 footnotes, 33 bibliographic references.   $112
 
15436. THE CALIFORNIA ENERGY CRISIS. Provides an overview and analysis of the California energy crisis. Considers the principal causes of the crisis, including botched deregulation, supply scarcity, market power of energy suppliers, rising demand and rapid population growth, and the failure to conserve. Examines the economic, political, and environmental impact of the crisis, looking at the effects both in California and in other regions. The concluding section makes recommendations for solving the current crisis and preventing a recurrence of the problem in the future. KEYWORDS: energy crisis electric power industry scandals pg&e california blackouts brownouts. 23 pages, 51 footnotes, 40 bibliographic references.   $133
 
15244. ELECTION REFORM. This paper provides an overview and analysis of election reform. The debate over the electoral college and discussion of campaign finance reform are excluded from this analysis which instead focuses on reforms to the voting process itself and e.g., ballot reform, voting machine reform, reforms to absenteeism voting processes, reforming the recount process, etc. The analysis begins with an overview of the problems in the current system and the need for reform. Following this, the investigation considers specific reform measures (e.g., modernization voting equipment, standardizing the voting process, modifying the hours of voting, etc.), their advantages and disadvantages, and likely impact on the overall fairness and accuracy of the voting process in America. 13 pages, 35 footnotes, 21 bibliographic references.   $91
 
15222. CONTROVERSY OVER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S FUNDING OF THE ARTS. This paper looks at the controversy stirred by the National Endowment for the Arts' funding of exhibitions of works by Robert Mapplethorpe and Andres Serrano, and the subsequent ruling that the NEA must consider "general standards of decency" when granting awards. Despite such problems, it is argued that the government should continue to fund the arts. 5 pages, 18 footnotes, 4 bibliographic references.   $35
 
15214. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN THE 1993 WACO INCIDENT. This paper discusses the actions of the BATF and the FBI in the siege on the Branch Davidians that ended in the deaths of more than 80 people. The government's use of paramilitary tactics and flammable tear gas is discussed, as well as the denials of the Justice Department and the manipulations of evidence that followed the incident. It is also noted that new controversies have continued to arise despite the Danforth investigation's exoneration of the government. 12 pages, 37 footnotes, 12 bibliographic references.   $84
 
15184. THE 1929 STOCK MARKET CRASH AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION. The Crash was not the exclusive cause of the Depression, but it played a contributing role. This paper examines the causes of the Crash, and how it led to new policies by the federal government to regulate the stock market and the nation's business and financial institutions. 7 pages, 22 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.   $49
 
15171. ARGUMENT AGAINST SCHOOL VOUCHERS. Various arguments against vouchers are discussed, including the fact that they take money from the public schools that need it. In addition, there is evidence that voucher programs don't work as intended, and there are flaws in the studies that claim to support them. Two charts (from a study comparing test scores for voucher students and public school students) are included as an appendix. 6 pages text + charts, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references.   $42
 
15142. ARGUMENT AGAINST SCHOOL VOUCHERS. Various arguments against vouchers are discussed, including the fact that they take money from the public schools that need it. In addition, there is evidence that voucher programs don't work as intended, and there are flaws in the studies that support them. Two charts (from a study comparing test scores for voucher students and public school students) are included as an Appendix. 6 pages, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references.   $42
 
15135. LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS LAW IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Federal Labor-management Relations Statute as subsumed within the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978. Following a history and detailed discussion of the purpose and central provisions of the CSRA's labor law, the analysis considers the federal labor law in comparative context to the major private sector labor law (Labor Management Relations Act, also known as "Taft-Hartley Act") as well as to New York State's Public Employees' Fair Employment Act (better known as the "Taylor Law"). Included in this comparative analysis is a description and analysis of the administrative agencies which administer and enforce the respective laws (e.g., FLRA, NLRB, and PERB). The concluding sections examine recent significant agency and court decisions related to the federal labor-management relations law as well as current issues regarding the law. A final section compares the federal labor management relations law to other public sector laws and considers how the law could be improved. 37 pages, 110 footnotes, 33 bibliographic references.   $133
 
15130. ELECTION REFORM. This paper provides an overview and analysis of election reform. The debate over the electoral college and discussion of campaign finance reform are excluded from this analysis which instead focuses on reforms to the voting process itself (e.g., ballot reform, voting machine reform, reforms to absentee voting processes, reforming the recount process, etc.). The analysis begins with an overview of the problems in the current system and the need for reform. Following this, the investigation considers specific reform measures (e.g., modernizing voting equipment, standardizing the voting process, modifying the hours of voting, etc.), their advantages and disadvantages, and likely impact on the overall fairness an accuracy of the voting process in America. 13 pages, 35 footnotes, 21 bibliographic reference.   $91
 
15063. AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS: ELEMENTS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. This paper draws on theory and findings from modern political science research to support the arguments and observations concerning the critical elements in America's dynamic yet stable democracy. The discussion begins with an overview and analysis of some of the specific elements and institutions of American democracy. The executive branch, the administration/bureaucracy, Congress, the judiciary, voters and elections, and interests groups are examined for their role in American democracy. The concluding section takes a "big picture" view of American democracy and its processes and institutions, examining various theoretical and research assessments of the complexities of the American democratic system and its articulation in American political life. KEYWORDS: democratic instituttions democracy theory robert dahl american political structures. 36 pages, 54 footnotes, 21 bibliographic reference. 9,579 words.   $133
 
15056. A NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE WOULD REDUCE U.S. SECURITY. This paper argues in support of the hypothesis that a National Missile Defense (NMD) system will ultimately serve to decrease the level of security in the United States. It is argued that the construction of a NMD provides no protection against terrorist or other non-ICBM attacks; that building a missile defense will inflame both allies and adversaries, spurring a Chinese- and Russian-led nuclear build-up; and that NMD is currently technological unfeasible and cost-prohibitive. It is therefore proposed that not only will NMD fail to provide the security its supporters promise, it will itself serve as a destabilizing force in the arena of international security, with particularly adverse effects on U.S. security. KEYWORDS: national missile defense shield mutually assured destruction reagan star wars strategic defense initiative star wars clinton defense policy bush missile shield. APA Style. 12 pages, 30 footnotes, 21 bibliographic reference. 3,728 words.   $84
 
15053. THE STRUGGLE OVER THE ZERO EMISSIONS VEHICLE MANDATE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the controversy over the zero emissions vehicles plan. The history of the ZEV mandate and the rationale for its implementation are discussed. The analysis focuses on the respective positions and responses of the automakers versus environmentalists and regulators. This paper focuses on the crucial role of Southern California and the Los Angeles basin in particular in the program's initiation and continuing controversy. KEYWORDS: air pollution control zero emissions automobiles vehicle emissions control california environmental law. APA Style. 12 pages, 46 footnotes, 28 bibliographic references. 3,763 words.   $84
 
15011. THE CASE FOR RACIAL PROFILING. This paper takes the controversial position that racial profiling – defined as the law enforcement practice of using race as one factor (but not the only factor) in the decision of whether to target an individual for a stop or investigation – has an acceptable and necessary place in American law enforcement. Following a brief overview of the current racial profiling controversy, this analysis presents an empirical and a legal argument in favor of the use of racial profiling. It is argued that racial profiling is empirically justified based on crime statistics showing the greater involvement of members of certain racial and ethnic groups in specific crimes. Based on a review of recent U.S. Supreme Court and U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rulings, it is further argued that the judicious use of racial profiling by law enforcement agencies is legally defensible against both Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment claims. KEYWORDS: racial profiling police practices argumentative essay. Written 2000. APA Style. 14 pages, 53 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 4,326 words.   $98
 
15002. THE CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM. This paper will provide an overview and analysis of the past, present and future of Canada's health care system. Following an overview of the history and evolution of the Canadian health care system, the investigation examines current conditions in Canada's health care system and details recent efforts towards reform. Major problem areas, including patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction, funding, and service delivery delays are identified and discussed. The current state of the Canadian health system is considered within an international context, with direct comparisons to the U.S. health care system in particular and additional comparative references to the national health systems in Britain, Europe, Japan and Australia. The concluding section identifies future trends in Canadian healthcare and makes recommendations for system reform. 25p., 86f., 34b.   $133
 
14814. THE ROBBER BARONS BY MATTHEW JOSEPHSON. This paper presents a review and critique of Josephson’s (1934) social history of the late 19th century emergency, impact and personal lives of a new class of super-rich businessmen known as the “robber barons”. Argues that the book is valuable as a moral critique of rampant materialism, and significant as a hidden chapter of history. KEYWORDS: 19th century industrialists railroads banking robber barons business ethics oil silver gold rush book review. Written 2003. 7 pages, 12 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 1,620 words.   $49
 
14084. WHY AMERICANS DON’T VOTE: TURNOUT DECLINE IN THE UNITED STATES, 1960-1984 BY RUY TEIXEIRA. This paper provides a review and critique of Teixeira’s book investigating and explaining the decline in American voter turnout during the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s. The paper summarizes Teixeira’s findings regarding socio-political and demographic explanations for the decline in voter turnout. KEYWORDS: book review voter turnout political participation statistical analysis. MLA Style. 6p., 10f., 1b.   $42
 
14080. LEGISLATIVE POLITICS. Drawing on the work of political science theorists in the field of legislative decision-making, this paper examines three analytical models or approaches used to study and explain legislative policymaking: 1) principal-agent; 2) rational expectations (with reference to the rational choice model as its precursor); and 3) coalition analysis. The investigation considers the pros and cons of each of the three appraches and looks at the kinds of problems in legislative policymaking for which each of the models has most often been used, considering the applicability of the other two models to these types of problems. A concluding section makes a summary comparison of the three models. 18p., 34f., 13b.   $126
 
14079. BUREAUCRACY AND GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. Considers the role and purpose of bureaucracy in the United States and its status as the "fourth branch of government." Drawing upon the work of contemporary and classical theorists in administrative politics (including Weber, Simon, Wilson, Selznick, Kaufman, Tullock, and others), discusses the role of bureaucracy in American government and how it relates to prevailing American democratic theory. Keywords: american bureaucracy government theory essay. APA Style. 17 pages, 25 footnotes, and 11 bibliographic references. 4,644 words.   $119
 
14077. INTEREST GROUP THEORY. Using Mancur Olson's (1965) classic book, The Logic of Collective Action, as a starting point for the analysis, this term paper presents an analysis and overview of interest group theory. The paper considers the major contributions of Olson's work towards the understanding of interest groups. Discusses the limitations of Olson's theory, drawing upon the works of other analysts and theorists in the field. The essay specifically considers the limitations of Olson's work with regard to the existence of ideologically-based interest groups and the political influence of the media. KEYWORDS: mancur olson logical collective action book review interest group theory term paper. APA Style. 18 pages, 33 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 4,656 words.   $126
 
14068. RACE AND POVERTY IN CITIES. This paper considers the current state of the political economy of urban America, with a close focus on the central city and the issues related to race and poverty. The first section provides a general overview of poverty and race in the central city. The next section considers some of the major theoretical approaches to explaining urban poverty. The concluding section examines the parameters (including some of their weaknesses and/or problems) of current and past approaches to attempting to 'fix' the urban poverty problem. KEYWORDS: urban poverty political economy cities racism term paper. APA Style. 13 pages, 54 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 3,847 words.   $91
 
14067. NEW YORK CITY'S WORKFARE EXPERIENCE PROGRAM. A paper on how the program has impacted public sector labor laws. Various laws and court cases are discussed, regarding such issues as health and safety, fair wages, the right to join unions, and the displacement of regular workers. 17 pages, 50 footnotes, 10 bibliographic reference.   $119
 
14066. GLOBAL CITIES. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the impact and implications of globalization for cities (focusing on American cities). The analysis considers the relationship between globalization and urban economic change, the importance of cities in the global economy, the emergence of 'global' cities and their characteristics, and the relationship between globalization and urban social, racial and spatial configurations. KEYWORDS: globalization urban global cities term paper. APA Style. 14 pages, 31 footnotes, 17 bibliographic sources. 3,974 words.   $98
 
14064. URBAN GOVERNMENT SERVICES. This paper provides an overview and analysis of current issues and concerns in urban governments' provision of services. It includes a focus on equity issues in service distribution and a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of recent trends in alternative urban services delivery. KEYWORDS: city services urban government service delivery term paper. APA Style. 15 pages, 20 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 3,763 words.   $105
 
14063. METROPOLITAN GROWTH POLITICS. This paper examines the challenges and issues of contemporary suburban and metropolitan regional growth politics and governance. The first section traces the rise of the suburbs, noting some of the forces behind their growth, and outlines the current composition of American metropolitan areas. The second section considers the consequences of suburbanization and its impact on local government and quality of life. The third and final section considers strategies for addressing the problems wrought by suburbanization, focusing most closely on policies and programs aiming at controlling growth. KEYWORDS: city suburbs metropolitan growth strategies politics term paper. APA Style. 15 pages, 24 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 4,033 words.   $105
 
14062. URBAN REGIMES. Adopting Banfield & Wilson's (1963) perspective of city government as a political process, this paper provides an overview and analysis of the power structures--commonly referred to as "urban regimes" within the political science literature--in American city governments. Traces the evolution of urban regimes throughout American history, considering the pre-1840 period of elitism, the 19th and early 20th century era of "machine" politics and ethnic affiliations; the progressive reform movement of the early 20th century, and the contemporary era of pluralist elitism and interest group politics. Notes the influence of immigration, economic changes, and suburbanization on the urban regime. KEYWORDS: city political structure urban government term paper. APA Style. 14 pages, 15 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 3,462 words.   $98
 
14057. BREAKING UP MICROSOFT: ECONOMIC IMPACT. Focusing most closely on the likely economic impact of the Microsoft antitrust case, this term paper provides an prospective overview and analysis of the impact of the expected break-up of Microsoft on the market power of the company itself and industry competitors, the market and innovators for operating systems, the industry, and the consumer. The first section examines the immediate impact on Microsoft, looking closely at changes in the company’s short- and long- term strategies. The next section examines the impact on competitors- looking both at the effect on smaller competitors and innovative start-up firms and the potential impact of the case on other large IT companies (notably, Intel and Cisco Systems) who may be vulnerable to similar charges of anti-trust violations. The next section looks more generally at the likely economic impact of the case, including the effect on consumers, competitors, and future antitrust policy. KEYWORDS: microsoft corporation antitrust case company break up competitive impact term paper. MLA Style. 20 pages, 45 footnotes, 33 bibliographical references. 5,012 words.   $133
 
14028. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: HISTORY AND OVERVIEW. This paper explores the evolution—and more recent devolution—of affirmative action in the United States. Following a brief definition of the term, the analysis presents a history and general overview of affirmative action, including a discussion of the various forms of affirmative action (e.g., goals, quotas, preferences and set-asides); the courts’ and the regulators’ evolving view of affirmative action; the arguments for and against affirmative action; and recent legal and political developments in the field. Separate sections include a close focus on the issue of affirmative action in higher education and the case of gender-based affirmative action. A concluding section considers the future of affirmative action and the impact of recent movements towards substituting voluntary “diversity programs” for court-mandated affirmative action. KEYWORDS: affirmative action race gender employment education set asides quotas. 33 pages, 61 footnotes, 26 bibliographic references. MLA Style. 8618 words.   $133
 
14020. PUBLIC BUDGETING POLITICS. This essay considers the politics of public budgeting, focusing on the importance of economic issues in the public budgeting process and the role of environmental and balancing constraints and considering the extent to which democratic politics serves as an appropriate alternative to the marketplace for allocating the values that people hold dear in a democracy. KEYWORDS: public budget political aspects term paper. APA Style. 14 pages, 32 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 3,966 words.   $98
 
14016. PLEA BARGAINING. This research paper provides an overview and analysis of plea bargaining in the U. S. criminal justice system. Discusses the forms and processes of plea bargaining, traces its origin and history, outlines the current scope of the practice, and presents the arguments in favor and against the continuance of the practice. Reviews attempts at reforming and/or curtailing plea bargaining and considers the impact of Supreme Court decisions, mandatory minimums and sentencing guidelines. Concludes that plea bargaining is here to stay as the dominant method for disposing of criminal cases. KEYWORDS: plea bargains criminal justice term paper. APA Style. 21 pages, 46 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 5,748 words.   $133
 
14006. THE GREEDY HAND (AMITY SHLAES). A chapter-by-chapter summary of this book on the U.S. tax system. Shlaes criticizes the system, and argues that Americans are burdened by high taxes and a complicated, ever-changing tax code. Many specific problems are covered, including automatic withholding, Social Security, the marriage penalty and estate taxes, and the final chapter gives suggestions for ways to solve these problems. 15 pages, 59 footnotes, 1 bibliography.   $105
 
14004. WHY AMERICANS VOTE AND HOW PARTICIPATION CAN BE INCREASED. Various factors that cause people to either vote or not vote are discussed, including individual motivations and institutional structures. Recommendations for increasing participation include making voting less complicated and more accessible, and rallying voters through organizational activities, education and the media. 7 pages, 19 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.   $49
 
14002. INTERNET TAXATION. This termpaper provides an overview and analysis of the challenges, opportunities, and complexities surrounding local, state and international taxation of Internet-based activities. The analysis begins with a brief overview of Internet commerce and the challenges it presents for tax authorities and businesses. The next section of the research paper provides a description and overview of current U.S. law and practices as they are applied to Internet commerce transactions. Following this, the paper examines the international perspective on Internet taxation. The next two sections examine the arguments for and against the implementation of Internet taxes—focusing closely on the debate in the United States. A final section of the essay reviews some of the current proposals for implementing an e-commerce based taxation scheme. KEYWORDS: internet sales tax taxation web ecommerce term paper. APA Style. 26 pages, 67 footnotes, 28 bibliographic sources. 6,883 words.   $133
 
14000. THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE AND THE ISSUE OF GUN CONTROL. This paper considers the policy recommendations that would probably be made by representatives of three major sociological perspectives (functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism). It is concluded that policy making should not be limited to any one theoretical approach; it should be flexible and make use of the best that each theory has to offer. 13 pages, 27 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references.   $91
 
13990. PERSONAL MEMOIRS OF ULYSSES S. GRANT. In this paper on Grant’s memoirs of his military career, emphasis is placed on the idea that the Battle of Vicksburg was a decisive turning point in the Civil War. In this regard, it is argued that Grant’s strategic success in that battle was mainly due to the fact that he took risks and went against conventional military wisdom. 11 pages, 29 footnotes, 1 bibliography.   $77
 
13989. THE CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL (1870'S). Using transcripts of the debates, this paper shows the arguments for and against allowing the recently freed slaves to have equal rights. It is noted that there were racist overtones in many of the arguments, and that the integration of public schools was an especially controversial issue at the time. 10 pages, 22 footnotes, 1 bibliography..   $70
 
13973. THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE U.S. Analyzes the behaviors of African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans, and finds that voting and participation have increased for all three groups, yet they are all still under-represented in terms of the size of their populations. The paper concludes by noting the importance of ethnic political organizations in getting people to participate. 10 pages, 34 footnotes, 12 bibliographic references.   $70
 
13962. TUSKEGEE AIRMEN. This termpaper traces the history, performance, and significance of America’s first African-American air force. Describes the social, political and military factors leading to the establishment of a segregated military fighter pilot training facility at Tuskegee; traces the development and evolution of the 450 Tuskegee Airmen serving in WWII; and argues that the black fighters’ greatest significance was in demonstrating the superiority of racially integrated military combat units and hence paving the way for the desegregation of the US armed forces in 1948. 13 pages text plus annotated bibliography, 24 footnotes, 16 annotated bibliographic sources.   $91
 
13957. EUROPEAN UNIFICATION AND U.S. FEDERALISM. This term paper compares European unification with U.S. federalism. The first part of the research paper provides an overview of federalism and its development in the United States. The essay looks at how federalism evolved in the U.S., considers its central elements and features (including its relation to democracy and liberty), and examines how federalism has changed in the U.S. since its founding. Drawing upon the perspective of U.S. federalism, the second part of the paper examines the case of federalism in the EU. The analysis examines the institutional framework of the EU, considers the relations between Member States and the emerging ‘federal’ European polity, addresses questions of national sovereignty and the changing nature of the nation-state, and considers the issue of ‘European’ versus state (or in this case, national) citizenship. A concluding section provides a summary comparison of European unification and U.S. federalism and makes projections about the future course of European federalism and the prospects for a “United States of Europe.” KEYWORDS: european union eu european unification us federalism term paper comparative political systems federalism essay. APA Style. 29 pages, 104 footnotes, 24 bibliographic references.   $133
 
13896. SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM IN AMERICA. Traces the historical roots and rise of the American Socialist and Communist parties in the early 20th Century through the McCarthy era. Examines the parties' links with labor unions and radical politics. Traces the political and legal campaign against the parties, citing the influence of seminal cases such as Whitney v. California and Keyishian v. Board of Regents. 14 pages, 12 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references.   $98
 
13821. CANDIDATE PEROT AND THE 1992 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the candidate's portrayal in the news media, this paper provides a detailed profile of H. Ross Perot's 1992 presidential campaign. Provides biographical background on the candidate, outlines Perot's campaign platform and stance on major campaign issues, examines Perot's campaign organization, and considers the reasons why Perot's bid for the presidency failed. 8 pages, 47 footnotes, 75 bibliographic sources.   $56
 
13788. MAYORAL POWER IN AMERICAN CITIES. A broad discussion of mayoral elections and mayoral power in American cities. The first part of the paper focuses on the politics and major influences in mayoral elections, considering in particular the role of the local media, political parties, interest groups and the candidates. The second part of the paper compares and contrasts mayoral power in strong and weak city council systems. Cites specific examples from New York City, Baltimore, Atlanta, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Antonio, and other cities. 11 pages, 14 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources.   $77
 
13769. THE KENT STATE MASSACRE: WHO WAS TO BLAME? Meticulous analysis of the May 4, 1970 anti-war protests at Kent State University which culminated in National Guardsmen firing on protesting students, killing four and wounding nine others. Provides background on the political climate of the era; explores the apolitical aspects of the protests and looting; considers local government responses to control the situation; explicates the details of the shooting; and considers the subsequent political and legal fall-out. 10 pages, 12 footnotes in text, 6 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
13751. THE FAILURE OF U.S. POLICY ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION. Investigates the "problem" of illegal immigration from the perspective of U.S. immigration policy history. Provides background information on U.S. immigration policy history and on the political and social conflict between legal and illegal immigration. Chronicles the failure of U.S. policy to stop illegal immigration, particularly as it applies to immigrants from Mexico and Central America. Argues for the implementation of a new policy that would include the creation of a new category of alien resident workers, a coordinated plan of economic development and population control in Mexico, and removal of arbitrary political and economic requirements for legal immigration. 18 pages, 26 footnotes, 27 bibliographic sources.   $126
 
13738. HEALTH CARE IN THE UNITED STATES: PROS AND CONS OF SOCIALIZED MEDICINE. An analysis of the potential advantages and disadvantages to implementing a national system of universal health care in the U.S. Provides an overview of the existing U.S. system, as contrasted with socialized medicine models in the U.K., Europe and Japan. Makes the case that the U.S. should adopt a universal system of its own to ensure fairness and full access. 7 pages, 14 footnotes, 11 bibliographic reference.   $49
 
13734. THE DEBATE ON GUN CONTROL. An overview of the major players involved in pro- and anti-gun control lobbying efforts. Includes a discussion of the National Rifle Association's arguments against gun control and an examination of the Police Officer and Police Chief Association's strategy to pass pro-gun control initiatives like the Brady Bill. 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.   $42
 
13677. THE U.S. PRESIDENCY AND THE WAR IN THE GULF. Examines the impact of the Gulf War on the presidency of George Bush. Demonstrates how the decision to intervene militarily in the Gulf, and the "quick results" of the intervention dramatically boosted President Bush's popularity and allowed him to "slide" on the domestic agenda. Speculates on how the Gulf War would impact Bush's chances for re-election in 1992. 9 pages, 15 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.   $63
 
13675. THE ECONOMIC AND FOREIGN TRADE POLICIES OF THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION, 1989-1992. This paper explores President Bush's economic and foreign trade policies from the perspective of the multinational corporation. Specific trade and business related issues such as corporate taxes, tariffs versus protectionism, and national industrial policy are examined, and more general issues of interest rates and money supply, education, health and housing, and the rebuilding of economic infrastructure are considered. Argues that Bush's "hands-off" economic policies were not effective. 9 pages, 10 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources.   $63
 
13654. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND ITS AFTERMATH. The essay examines the American Revolution and its immediate and long-term impact. Considers the causes of the American Revolution (economic, political) and looks at how the new Constitution restructured American civil and political society. 5 pages, 7 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.   $35
 
13646. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF MAKING ABORTION ILLEGAL. This paper demonstrates how the outlawing of abortion would be a dangerous, inhumane and destructive decision. Abortion will not be seen as just a "human right," since such personal decisions of life and death ultimately transcend all narrow legal concepts, but as a practical moral necessity. 5 pages, 7 footnotes, 8 bibliographic references.   $35
 
13637. PUBLIC POLICY IN THE U.S. & SWEDEN. This research paper provides a comparison of public policy in the United States and Sweden. The analysis begins with a brief comparative overview of the two political systems. Following this is a survey of the differences and similarities of public policy in select areas including health, social insurance, industry, and labor. The concluding section provides a synthesis of the differences and examines some of the underlying reasons (e.g., cultural, institutional, historical) for these differences. KEYWORDS: public sector social services international comparison term paper. APA Style. 15 pages, 27 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 4,040 words.   $105
 
13632. WORKFARE & WELFARE REFORM. Focusing on the changes implicit in U.S. welfare policy since the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, this paper presents an overview and analysis of workfare. The analysis considers the social, economic and political imperatives leading to a change in the relationship between work and welfare, profiles the central features of new workfare programs, and assesses the impact of the welfare reform legislation. KEYWORDS: welfare reform workfare term paper. APA Style. 17 pages, 46 footnotes, 28 bibliographic sources.   $119