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18D. 20TH CENTURY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

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01979. PUBLIC, PRIVATE, SOCIAL AND INTIMATE IN HANNAH ARENDT. The historian's categories of the human condition are analyzed and the distinction between the active and contemplative life is developed into a hierarchy of human values. Contemporary society is seen moving toward the collective and consumption ethic. 10p., 15f., 1b.   $70
 
01958. A COMPARISON OF MILL AND DESCARTES WITH CASTANEDA'S DON JUAN. Mill is seen as a rationalist, and Descartes and Don Juan as seekers of truth or knowledge, in this comparison of two philosophers with the Yaqui Indian figure in the Teachings of Don Juan. 4p., 3f., 3b.   $28
 
01873. MAN AGAINST THE UNIVERSE: WIENER AND ENTROPHY. Very clever book review of N. Wiener's The Human Use of Human Beings; very critical of some of his philosophical assumptions, shows good knowledge of philosophical issues. 6p., 0f., 1b.   $42
 
01756. ABSURD FREEDOM: THE THEME OF FREEDOM IN CAMUS' ESSAY ON ABSURDITY. Sensitive, clear discussion of this existential writer, how absurdity provides the basis for freedom. Includes Camus' thoughts on clarity, consciousness, truth and freedom, and the meaning of all this for modern America. 10 pages, 16 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 2,781 words.   $70
 
01724. WITTGENSTEIN'S INVESTIGATIONS. An exegesis of Paragraph 33 on the validity of ostensive definitions, problems of defining, knowing and guessing with words are gone into. 4p., 0f., 1b.   $28
 
01359. THE PHILOSOPHY OF SARTRE. Good clear exposition of Sartre's emphasis on man's necessity and ability to choose the actions he takes, even in the most extreme situations, action implied choice implies endorsement. 4p., 1f., 1b.   $28
 
01347. LOGIC AND CONTEMPORARY RHETORIC BY HOWARD KAHANE. A work on logic and its application to political and journalistic ideas is reviewed. Kahane's criticism of reporting and news coverage in general, and his views on educational texts, are seen as anti-establishment. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
01247. DOES THINKING FREE THE WILL? The question is attacked in terms of semantics and the difficulties of communication, and finally said to be philosophically meaningless. 4p., 0f., 0b.   $28
 
01237. SARTRE'S BEING AND NOTHINGNESS. The existential philosopher's major work is given a thorough technical analysis. Concepts of being, modes of consciousness and a general view of the human condition are explored in detail, and the notion of knowledge as being-in-itself, as opposed to being-for-itself, is criticized. 15p., 0f., 0b.   $105
 
01138. THE CITY OF MAN BY W. WARREN WAGAR. A critique of Wagar's book, which calls for the construction of a world government and civilization in order.to forestall the moral collapse of the human race. 3p., 0f., 0b.   $21
 
01096. ACT-UTILITARIANISM AND RULE UTILITARIANISM. A comparison of the moral theories of utilitarianism, one seeing the moral standard as an absolute rule and the other seeing it as a consequence of one's action. 3p., 0f., 0b.   $21
 
01090. TIELHARD DE CHARDIN'S PHENOMENON OF MAN. The modern French philosopher-theologian's book is reviewed as a "massive systems analysis of the universe as a whole." Chardin's science and theory of consciousness is related to his Christian belief. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
01089. THE CONCEPT OF MIND BY GILBERT RYLE. Ryle's theories of consciousness, mind and the act of thinking are briefly criticized, and the author is seen as a "demythologizer"; of philosophy rather than a behaviorist. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
01074. RUSSELL'S "HAS RELIGION MADE USEFUL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CIVILIZATION." Russell's attack on the theology and psychology of organized religion is criticized. Russell's perception of Christianity is seen as distorted by anti-clericalism. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
01063. SENSE DATA AS A BASIS OF PERCEPTION. The doctrines of the logical positivists, represented by Ayers, Austin and Ferguson, are compared and contrasted. The perceptual modes of "naive realism," "the sensible maniford", and others are discussed, and it is agreed that the sense-data terminology for ordering existence is the most consistent. 10p., 0f., 0b.   $70
 
01061A. AN INTERPRETATION OF WITTGENSTEIN'S PICTURE THEORY OF MEANING. A comprehensive analysis of the central doctrine of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The basic terminology of the text is defined and discussed, and the elements of the author's theory of propositions as logical entities are described. Logical and representational forms are resolved in the "picture theory" of meaning. 18p., 0f., 6b.   $126
 
01013. JOHN DEWEY'S A COMMON FAITH. Good subjective review of the American philosopher's venture into theology; reviewer praises Dewey for looking at the effects of religious experience rather than trying to create a fixed pattern for it; criticizes Dewey bitterly for saying religion should be based on faith and divorced from intellect, and for saying that God need not be above and beyond man. 8p., 0f., 1b.   $56
 
00944. PLURALISM AND MONISM. A thorough study of the arguments for and against monism and pluralism in the history of philosophy, concentrating on the Jamesian criticism of the concept of monism. The introduction is then followed by an essay on the films of Alfred Hitchcock as studies in the philosophy of radical empiricism. The view of reality in Hitchcock's films is the cinematographic equivalent of William James "pluralistic universe". 38p., 57f., 6b.   $133
 
00863. EXISTENTIALISM AND PHILOSOPHICAL HINDSIGHT. The existential attitude toward science and religion is criticized as arbitrary and based on a priori judgements which fail the test of simple logic. The emphasis is on Sartre's brand of existentialism. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
00862. TRADITION AND EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY. Existentialism is seen as a break with systematic theology, science and philosophy in its concept of man. The background of Catholic and Protestant theology and the intellectual history of Europe is discussed in relation to Nietzsche and modern existential doctrines. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
00734. VON HILDEBRAND AND NATURALISM. A discussion of how two philosophies regard the source of moral values; naturalists (Santayana) finding it relative to the particular human subject; Von Hildebrand defends fixed, eternal objective values. 5p., 6f., 4b.   $35
 
00655. A DIALOGUE BETWEEN CERTAINTY AND SKEPTICISM. A mock philosophical dialogue between the abstract principles of certainty and skepticism, with a view to their use in the task of the historian. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
00598. SARTRE'S CRITIQUE OF HUSSERL. A brief discussion of Husserl's "methodically scientific" philosophy of phenomenology is followed by an in-depth discussion of Sartre's critique of that system. The disparity between Sartre's critical method and Husserl's anti-critical posture is seen as an ontological and naturalist gap between the two thinkers. 11p., 13f., 7b.   $77
 
00539. SOME INTELLECTUAL ADVERSARIES. The adversary system as a means of intellectual disagreement and its discussion in outline. Pairs of adversaries, e.g. Marx and Keynes, Neitzsche and Tillich, are contrasted. An interesting study in the theory of ideas. 16p., 0f., 6b.   $112
 
00502. ON BERTRAND RUSSELL. A solid discussion of the life and writings of Bertrand Russell, emphasizing the distinction between his mathematical and philosophical writings of a technical nature, and his popular and humanistic works. 11p., 18f., 10b.   $77
 
00494. THE ETHICAL ARGUMENT OF THE GOLDEN RULE. A clever attack on the moral principle of reciprocity on the Golden Rule, along the lines of Dewey and Fletcher's normative theories. 4p., 0., 0b.   $28
 
00391. KNOWING AND BELIEVING. A general discussion of the problem of knowledge amd belief, from the traditional viewpoint of the Platonic system to the possibility and probability problems of Russell and Woozley. 7p., 0f., 0b.   $49
 
00390. WHAT ARE UNIVERSALS? A comprehensive treatment of the problem of defining universals in philosophy, from the theory of Plato to arguments of Russell. Differing conceptions are seen from the critical standpoint taken by Woozley and Pears, rejecting the Nominalist, Similarity and Conceptualist theories of universals. 11p., 0f., 0b.   $77
 
00388. THE VERIFICATION THEORY OF TRUTH. An examination of the doctrine that the meaning of an empirical statement is its method of verification. The objections and modifications of Ayer and Berlin are commented on and rejected. 8p., 0f., 6b.   $56
 
00386. THE COHERENCE THEORY OF TRUTH. A critical examination of a theory of knowledge and truth, comparing the Coherence Theory and its selection and judgement of the facts with the Correspondence Theory of Truth. Woozley's and Blanchard's arguments against the Coherence Theory are studied closely and rejected. 11p., 0f., 0b.   $77
 
00156. NORMAN O. BROWN'S "LIFE AGAINST DEATH". Very solid treatment of this sometimes mystifying, present-day prophet of mystical unities. Good brief treatment of Brown's ideas; a few personal and outdated comments by the reviewer might be edited out. 9 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. Notes in text.   $63
 
00074. THE VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE BY WILLIAM JAMES. James' theory of consciouness is viewed in light of his conception of the basis of religous emotion. The philosopher's ideal of happiness and health is compared with his views on Mysticism, saintliness and the nature of the spiritual universe. 10p., 20f., 4b.   $70
 
00002. MILL AND LORENZ ON THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE GROUP. A comparison of the views on man and animal as social creatures, looking at Mill's Essay on Liberty and Lorenz's On Aggression. 3p., 0f., 0b.   $21
 
53786. ON KNOWING THE SELF: “COMMENTS ON PHENOMENOLOGY”. A well-documented essay on the phenomenologist viewpoint, offering a brief history of the origins of the movement and a discussion of the concepts of self and the nature of experience in the works of Husserl, Johnstone, Strasser, and Farber. 5 pages, 19 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $35
 
53662. THE MEANING OF HUMAN EXISTENCE. Good basic essay on existentialism, emphasizing that each individual creates his own reality, advocates a rejection of cultural limitations to reach new potentials. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
53268. EDMUND HUSSERL. A good introduction to the basic concepts of Husserl's phenomenology, looking at the notions of sense-datum, exerience, inter-subjectivity and metaphysics in the philosophers work. The cognitive experience of objective time is also studied. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
53240. GABRIEL MARCEL'S "THE NEED FOR TRANSCENDENCE." A critique of Marcel's position in Mystery of Being that transcendence is the mainspring of all philosophical investigation. The existential need for transcendence is seen as a quest for experience of consciousness of higher order; Marcel's view is compared to that Sartre, Jung, Kant and others, and finally seen as Thomistic in nature. 9p., 18f., 5b.   $63
 
53137. HUSSERL: A SUMMARY OF AN ARTICLE ON "HUSSERL'S TRANSCENDENTAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL REDUCTION" BY RICHARD SCHMITT. Definitions of his terminology and a discussion of ego, transcendental ego and ego consciousness are offered. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
53123. WILLIAM JAMES' AND MARTIN BUBER'S PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION. A comparison of the pragmatic philosophy of James with Buber's ideas of inclusion and communion, contrasting the empirical attitude of James with the individualistic and dialectical approach of Buber to methods of education. Includes a proposed classroom experiment. 6p., 0f., 0b.   $42
 
53096. HUSSERL'S PHENOMENOLOGY. The argument in Ideas against the existence of a priori judgments of any kind are considered. Concepts of freedom, the Ego, reality and the experience are discussed in Husserl's phenomenological terms. 7p., 6f., 1b.   $49
 
53064. MAN AGAINST MASS SOCIETY. Marcel's battle against "the spirit of abstraction" in mass society is considered in this book review. Marcel sees the philosopher's duty as showing how man is degraded by propaganda, technology and depersonalization. 6p., 7f., 1b.   $42
 
53053. COMMENTARY ON GABRIEL MARCEL'S "MYSTERY OF BEING" AND "MAN AGAINST MASS SOCIETY". The existentialist philosopher's image of the "broken world" we live in is commented on. Marcel feels the modern world is divided by its technological, spiritual and political failures. The search for unity is seen as a struggle for eternal values and inner meaning. 7p., 7f., 2b.   $49
 
53041. THE BROKEN WORLD WE LIVE IN. The existential concept of man as an absurd being is examined in the writings of Ionesco, (The Chairs), Maslow and Marcel. The problem of mass man's manipulation through the means of propaganda, leisure and consumerism are considered. 6p., 7f., 5b.   $42
 
52702. BELIEF AND WILL BY H. H. PRICE. A summary of Price's work, asking whether or not it is a moral duty to accept any kind of belief as true. Definitions of "moral duty" and "truth" are offered in the context of religious, political and philosophical cirucmstance. 9p., 2f., 1b.   $63
 
52696. THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHY OF BERTRAND RUSSELL. A biographical study of Russell's life in relation to his published works. The development of the new systems of mathematics and philosophy, and Russell's relationship with Whitehead, are examined. Russell's ideas on pacifism, sex and politics are briefly noted, and his contribution to intellectual history is assessed. 8p., 13f., 8b.   $56
 
51948. PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN LIFE: ABORTION AND ROBOTS. Problems in the philosophical concept of human life are considered. Pro- and anti-abortion arguments are rejected, and men vs. machines arguments are seen as largely semantics, not ethics. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
51920. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISLAM AND RUDOLF OTTO'S CONCEPT OF THE NUMINOUS. Good clear examination of Otto's concept of the "awesome" (derived from Kant), applied to S.H. Nasr's study of the religious feelings of Islam. 10p., 14f., 4b.   $70
 
51682. SKEPTICISM, PERCEPTION AND THE GROUNDS OF KNOWLEDGE. The philosophies of perception based on replies to skepticism are seen as nonsensical in nature, as is the demand that there be grounds or justification for all cases of knowledge. 5p. 0f., 5b.   $35
 
16113. DESIGN THEORY IN DAVID HUME AND WILLIAM PALEY. The teleology or ultimate design of thr world and its organisms is compared in the writings of David Hume and the philosopher of science William Paley. Paley is seen as an exponent of the mechanical theory for a proof of God, and Hume as an exponent of rational atheism. 5p., 9f., 5b.   $35
 
16012. ON THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE. A general discussion of the question whether it's possible to know something without being aware of it. Specific and general statements are discussed in terms of the different theories of knowledge, and the question is answered in the affirmative. 5p., 0f., 0b.   $35
 
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