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16. MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE

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18337. STEROIDS AND BASEBALL. This paper discusses the use of steroids by professional baseball players, a practice that has been banned by the Baseball Commissioner. It is argued that, although steroids increase muscle mass, strength, and endurance, they should continue to be banned because they pose health risks, they create an unfair advantage, and their use by pro athletes has a negative influence on youth. Includes Outline. KEYWORDS: sports baseball steroids health. MLA Style. 9p., 23f., 11.   $63
 
18336. MANAGED HEALTH CARE. This paper discusses the evolution of managed health care since the 1970s and some of the latest developments in the field. Managed health care practitioners face criticisms and challenges in their effort to provide cost-effectiveness and quality care at the same time. Specific topics include: computer technologies, individualized service, consumer choice, regulatory concerns, and public-private collaborations. KEYWORDS: medicine history healthcare. APA Style. 5p., 21f., 6b.   $35
 
18330. TYPE-2 DIABETES AND LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION. This paper argues that lifestyle intervention (which focuses on diet and exercise) is a suitable evidence-based practice for nurses to use to help prevent or delay the onset of type-2 diabetes in patients at high risk of developing the disorder. Various studies that support the approach or compare it with alternatives are described and assessed. Issues of cost effectiveness are also addressed. KEYWORDS: medicine nursing diabetes intervention studies. APA Style. 22p., 38f., 22b.   $133
 
18327. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. This paper is concerned with strategies that are typically used by family nurse practitioners in caring for elderly patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The paper provides background on the condition, describes the nurse’s role, discusses the effectiveness of various approaches to prevention and treatment, and addresses strategies for DVT management. KEYWORDS: medicine nursing elderly. APA style. 11p., 39f. in text, 15b.   $77
 
18310. METHODOLOGIES FOR A STUDY OF NATURE DEFICIT DISORDER. This paper discusses the kinds of methodologies that could be used to research the concept of “nature deficit disorder” and provide evidence to support its existence. The nature deficit disorder hypothesis, introduced by Richard Louv in his book Last Child in the Woods, claims that alienation from nature has negative health consequences for children. The paper describes the need for obtaining both quantitative and qualitative data, identifies the key variables that should be studied, emphasizes the value of multiple methods, and notes the importance of considering alternative solutions. KEYWORDS: environment nature child development research methods. MLA Style. 21p., 35f. in text, 17b.   $133
 
18309. LONG-TERM CARE: ETHICS, TRENDS & MARKETING. This paper provides a critical summary and review of three scholarly articles on issues in long-term care. One article considers the ethics of long-term care, another looks at current trends (marketing, type of facility, demographics) in long-term care, and the third article considers how long-term care facilities market their services. KEYWORDS: long term care nursing homes nurses ethics marketing elderly demographics. Written 2007. APA Style. 4 pages, 7 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.   $28
 
18305. COUNTY HEALTH PROFILE. This paper presents a population health profile for Mariposa County, a sparsely populated county in the Sierra foothills of central California and best known as the home of Yosemite National Park. Following an overview of the county composition, demographics, unique characteristics, and health care infrastructure, the paper presents trend data for last five years available for a range of health conditions and indicators including cardiovascular disease, unintentional injuries, homicide rates, teen pregnancy and birth to adolescents, cancer, diabetes, pneumonia/influenza, HIV/AIDS, sexual transmitted diseases, and tobacco use. KEYWORDS: health profile disease trends health care infrastructure mariposa county california. Written 2007. APA Style. 10 pages, 37 footnotes, 19 bibliography sources. 2922 Words.   $70
 
18303. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER. This paper provides an overview and analysis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a persistent and common psychological disorder characterized by pathological worry. The central features and symptoms of GAD are discussed in the context of DSM-IV TR diagnostic criteria. The paper considers possible causes of general anxiety disorder and discusses theoretical explanatory models, including the metacognitive model and biological/genetic factors. Prevalence, demographic features, associated illnesses (including depression), and both pharmacological (antidepressants, tranquilizers) and psychotherapeutic (cognitive behavioral therapy) treatment options are discussed. KEYWORDS: generalized anxiety disorder gad pathological worry depression antidepressants cbt. Written 2007. APA Style. 6 pages, 28 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 1863 words.   $42
 
18302. THE DUTY TO PROTECT SUICIDAL CLIENTS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the mental health professional’s duty to protect clients from suicide or attempted suicide. The analysis describes the current scope of the mental health professional’s duty to protect suicidal clients within the context of professional ethics and applicable case law. The therapist’s duty to protect suicidal clients is analyzed in the context of patient confidentiality issues and patient-therapist privileged communications. Included in this analysis is a discussion of confidentiality issues that may arise in the aftermath of a completed patient suicide. Written 2007. KEYWORDS: patient suicide risk therapist duty to protect. Strict APA Style. 10 pages, 35 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources plus legal references. 3,589 words.   $70
 
18301. DUTY TO WARN AND PROTECT IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the mental health care professional’s duty to warn and protect someone else from any imminent dangerous actions of the client. The legal and ethical scope of the professional’s duty to warn and protect is described with reference to Tarasoff and other relevant case law. The professional’s duty to warn and protect is analyzed in terms of its impact on issues of patient confidentiality and the privileged communications between therapist and patient. KEYWORDS: tarasoff psychiatric patients duty to warn. Written 2007. Strict APA Style. 12 pages, 46 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources plus legal references. 4,417 words.   $84
 
18234. ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF EUTHANASIA. This paper considers the ethical issues surrounding active voluntary euthanasia and examines the strengths and weaknesses in the arguments for and against the practice. Based on a philosophical perspective, it is concluded that the practice should be permitted, as long as steps are taken to prevent abuse. KEYWORDS: philosophy ethics euthanasia. APA Style. 12p., 24f., 8b.   $84
 
18233. THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS IN CAUSING CANCER. This paper reviews on article on the discovery that certain gene mutations allow cells to grow in an uncontrolled manner. Using this knowledge, researchers at John Hopkins University are searching to identify these gene mutations and thus pave the way toward improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment. KEYWORDS: article review science genetics cancer. APA Style. 5p., 4f., 1b.   $35
 
18217. CONCEPT ANALYSIS OF PAIN. This paper provides a conceptual definition of pain, based on findings in the nursing literature. It is argued that the gate-control theory is a suitable framework for the chosen conceptual definition. The paper also describes an operational definition of pain, in order to enhance nursing practice. Nurses are urged to use both interview techniques and the McGill Pain Questionnaire to monitor pain levels in their patients. KEYWORDS: nursing theory practice pain. APA Style. 11p., 37f., 10b.   $77
 
18213. MEXICAN-AMERICANS AND TYPE-2 DIABETES. This paper critiques a research study regarding the use of Explanatory Models by Mexican-Americans (on the Texas/Mexico border) with Type-2 diabetes. The study finds that both traditional folk beliefs and biomedical beliefs (acquired through local clinic interventions) are used in attempting to understand the disease and cope with it. The study is criticized for its use of a small specific sample (which limits the ability to generalize the findings); nonetheless, the study provides important insights for the improvement of treatment and education efforts for this type of population. KEYWORDS: Mexican Americans diabetes healthcare research study. APA Style. 9p., 19f., 5b.   $63
 
18211. IMPACT OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT ON ACCOUNTING IN NON-PROFIT HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS. This paper describes the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, its requirements, its benefits, and critical responses to it. It is argued that not-for-profit healthcare organizations should adopt selected standards of the Act in order to improve their ethical reputation and financial performance, and also in anticipation of new standards being imposed on the industry in the upcoming future. Some recommendations are provided for implementing selected standards. KEYWORDS: business law ethics accounting nonprofit organizations healthcare. APA Style. 14p., 34f., 10b.   $98
 
18204. VIRTUAL REALITY TRAINING IN MEDICINE: SUGERY. Drawing on an analytical review of the scholarly and professional medical literature, this paper considers the application of a computer-based technology in medicine: virtual reality simulators in surgical training. In the past two decades there has been explosive growth of laparoscopic and other minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques versus conventional open surgery procedures. MIS techniques provide benefits to patients but present challenges to surgeons. The rapid expansion in MIS has combined with surgical learning curves, ethical concerns, reductions in training surgeon hours, cost considerations, new FDA requirements, concerns over medical errors and evidence of the training effectiveness of virtual reality simulators to force a paradigm shift in how surgical residents are trained. KEYWORDS: virtual reality medicine computer technologies surgery. Written 2006. Strict APA Style throughout. 6 pages, 32 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 1,621 words   $42
 
18202. UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of universal health coverage, considering in particular the prospects for its implementation in the United States. The first part of the paper looks at universal health care coverage as it exists in other developed nations, examining the underlying principles and the methods nations use to deliver universal coverage for lessons they might offer to the U.S. The second part of the paper provides an overview of the problems in America=s existing health care system, examining the need for universal coverage, and the costs and consequences of the absence of such coverage, with comparative reference to health systems in other countries. The conclusion considers the prospects for implementing a national system of universal healthcare in the United States. KEYWORDS: socialized medicine universal health care coverage national health insurance uninsured comparative healthcare systems single payer government funded health care. APA Style. Written 2006. 18 pages, footnotes, 47 bibliographic sources. 6,500 Words.   $126
 
18198. ANTEGREN: A BEACON OF HOPE HARVARD CASE STUDY 408025. This paper provides a case study analysis and solution to a 2007 strategic management Harvard Business School case study (408025) by Joshua Margolis, Thomas DeLong and Terry Heymann on a biotechnology firm’s (Biogen Idec) development of the drug Antegren, promising in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and headed for FDA fast-track approval. The case analysis includes problem statement, analysis, assessment of alternatives, recommendations and implementation plan. KEYWORDS: case studies biotechnology pharmaceutical industry multiple sclerosis blockbuster drug strategic management crisis management product recalls antegren disease management treatment case solution prescription drugs ethics. Written 2008. 10 pages, 7 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
18169. PRODUCT TEAM CIALIS: GETTING READY TO MARKET HARVARD CASE STUDY 9-505-038. This paper presents a case study analysis and a case solution to a Harvard Business School marketing case study (9-505-038) by Elie Ofek on the launch of Cialis, Lilly’s and ICOS’ new prescription drug entrant in the erectile dysfunction market. The case analysis includes problem identification, industry, market and competitive analysis, SWOT analysis, identification and assessment of strategic alternatives, strategic recommendations, and an implementation plan. KEYWORDS: case studies pharmaceutical industry erectile dysfunction drugs cialis viagra levitra target market marketing strategy market segmentation new product entry case solution swot pest. Written 2008. APA Style. 11 pages, 12 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 3,512 words.   $77
 
18089. VIRTUAL TEAMS IN HEALTHCARE. This paper starts by discussing the general value of teams and the concept of team building in healthcare organizations. It then discusses the use of virtual teams (via remote connections) in healthcare. It is argued that virtual teams are beneficial and they relate to the growing trend of "telemedicine." However, virtual teams also result in certain challenges (such as misunderstandings in communication and team members feeling isolated from one another). Some techniques are suggested for overcoming these types of problems. KEYWORDS: teamwork virtual teams healthcare medicine telemedicine. Written 2006. APA Style. 12 pages, 24 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 2,604 words.   $84
 
18068. CHRISTIAN COUNSELING AND HYPERTENSION AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS. This paper discusses the role of the Christian counselor in helping African Americans deal with the problems associated with hypertension (high blood pressure). The first part of the paper discusses the causes of the problem (such as stress, unhealthy diets, lack of exercise and lifestyle choices), as well as the personality traits that enable some individuals to cope with stress better than others. Then the paper describes various ways that pastoral counselors can help African American clients overcome the negative consequences of hypertension, with an emphasis on the importance of having a strong sense of spirituality in this effort. KEYWORDS: christian counseling african americans hypertension stress. Written 2006. APA Style. 13 pages, 29 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 3,206 words.   $91
 
18063. HBO’S PRODUCTION OF “WIT”. This paper discusses Wit, an HBO movie (available on videocassette), which is based on a play by Margaret Edson. In the movie, Emma Thompson plays a woman with advanced cancer who agrees to undergo an intense, experimental treatment therapy. It is argued that the movie provides a realistic depiction of the medical system and its procedures. In addition, the movie provides examples of how healthcare professionals might behave in real life. Unfortunately, there are cases in which doctors are overly concerned with lab research and their own personal glory, which results in them being less compassionate than they could be with their patients. In addition, the existing system often causes patients to feel depersonalized, objectified, and lonely. KEYWORDS: movie review wit ovarian cancer doctor patient relations. Written 2006. MLA Style. 5 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source (the film). 1,466 words.   $35
 
18036. MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRY. . This paper compares and contrasts two organizations in the medical device industry: Boston Scientific (based in Natick, Massachusetts) and St. Jude Medical (based in St. Paul, Minnesota). The companies are compared in terms of products, sales, profits, research & development, organizational structure, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks. KEYWORDS: business organizations medicine medical devices. Written 2006. APA Style. 13 pages, 23 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 3,285 words.   $91
 
18035. NEEDLE-EXCHANGE PROGRAMS. This paper argues that needle-exchange programs are effective in promoting safer practices among injection-drug users, and that they thereby help to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The arguments against such programs are discussed and rebutted. For example, they do not increase drug use, neighborhood crime, or the disposal of needles on the street. By contrast, there is a growing body of research evidence in support of such programs. Needle-exchange programs help reduce HIV/AIDS rates by providing not only clean needles but also a place to receive referrals for treatment, counseling, and other health related services. KEYWORDS: needle exchange programs drug addiction HIV/AIDS. Written 2006. APA Style. 5 pages, 18 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 1,496 words.   $35
 
18034. WORKPLACE STRESS. This research paper discusses the negative impact of workplace stress on individual health and organizational productivity, as well as some of the techniques that can be used to help alleviate the problem. For example, individuals can learn to control their reactions to stressful events and organizations can develop training programs that focus on long-term solutions rather than short-term outcomes. KEYWORDS: management stress work employee training. Written 2006. APA Style. 7 pages, 20 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 1,729 words.   $49
 
18029. “HOW WE DIE” BY SHERWIN B. NULAND. This paper reviews How We Die, a book by a medical surgeon that is concerned with the various ways that people die. With the use of some graphic and disturbing details, Nuland seeks to "demythologize" the topic and to describe the physical aspects of death (rather than its spiritual or emotional aspects). The work is enhanced by Nuland's discussion of his personal experiences with death within his own family. The book is recommended because it contributes to a better understanding of a phenomenon that all people must deal with sooner or later. KEYWORDS: book review nonfiction death dying thanatology medicine. Written 2006. MLA Style. 6 pages, 16 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 1,504 words.   $42
 
18024. PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE. This paper discusses the debate over physician-assisted suicide and concludes with a personal argument (from a physician/medical viewpoint) against the practice. The arguments in favor of the practice are found to be unsubstantial and based on slogans. In actuality, the practice is contrary to the tradition of medical ethics and suicidal death is never "dignified," "humane," or a "right." It is argued that physicians should use palliative care for terminal patients rather than assisting them in committing suicide. KEYWORDS: medical ethics physician ethical duty assisted suicide. Written 2006. APA Style. 7 pages, 13 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 1,711 words.   $49
 
18023. DIRECT-TO-CONSUMER PRESCRIPTION DRUG ADS. This term paper argues for the abolishment of direct-to-consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical ads. Following a discussion of the historical background of the topic, the paper examines the arguments both for and against the use of DTC ads. The proponents of DTC ads claim that they educate consumers, build physician-patient relationships, and help boost the economy. The essay points out the weaknesses in these arguments and notes that they are mostly made by people with a vested interest in such ads. By contrast, there is a great deal of evidence to support the argument against DTC ads (they confuse and mislead consumers, they strain physician-patient relationships and result in over-prescribing, and they have a negative impact on the economy by inflating healthcare costs). KEYWORDS: pharmaceutical industry prescription drug advertising business ethics argumentative essay. Written 2006. APA Style. 22 pages, 49 footnotes, 17 bibliographic sources. 5,637 words.   $133
 
18009. HEREDITY & ADDICTION. Although environmental factors also play a role in the development of addiction, this paper focuses on the role of genetic factors in causing various kinds of addiction. The research paper looks at the evidence from studies using animal and human subjects. In addition, the essay discusses the implications for treatment and prevention (such as the use of anti-craving medications and matching individual patients to the best possible treatment options). KEYWORDS: genetics heredity drug alcohol addiction. Written 2006. APA Style. 11 pages, 25 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 2,619 words.   $77
 
18005. HOSPITAL INDUSTRY REGULATION. . This term paper examines governmental regulation of the U.S. hospital industry. Topics include: antitrust issues, congressional laws, federal agencies involved in oversight, the relative roles of federal and state governments, and efforts to control costs and increase quality of care. KEYWORDS: hospitals healthcare regulation. Written 2006. APA Style. 11 pages, 31 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 2,769 words.   $77
 
18003. OBESITY: PROBLEM & SOLUTION. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of obesity and the proposed solutions for dealing with the problem. The solution ideas include better food labels, healthier fast food menu choices, and the use of educational programs. The paper also considers some ways that healthcare professionals can help people overcome the problem on an individual level, by encouraging better habits of diet and exercise. KEYWORDS: overweight obese diet exercise food labels. Written 2006. APA Style. 6 pages, 20 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 1,444 words.   $42
 
18002. PATERNITY TESTING. This paper describes the process of DNA testing, which is used to identify a child's father (to settle a dispute) and sometimes to identify a rapist. The process involves collecting samples and comparing "genetic markers." It is noted that this type of paternity testing is highly accurate in most cases. KEYWORDS: genetics paternity testing dna test.. Written 2006. APA Style. 6 pages, 10 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 1,395 words.   $42
 
18000. HIV/AIDS & AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN. This termpaper discusses the disproportionate impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on African American women. The paper focuses on statistical data (obtained mainly from the Centers for Disease Control) regarding the scope of the problem and the most likely factors causing it. The appendix includes 5 tables and 1 chart showing the statistical data discussed in the paper. KEYWORDS: HIV AIDS african american women blacks race disease CDC. APA Style. 8 pages plus 5 page appendix, 15 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $56
 
17754. PREVENTING CORONARY HEART DISEASE. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the current state-of-the-art in CHD prevention, focusing on steps individuals can take to reduce the multiple modifiable risk factors for CHD as well as steps that they can take to increase cardio-protective factors. Includes a discussion of prevention strategies related to hypertension, high cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and serum inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, considering the varying impact of diet, exercise, and pharmacological strategies. KEYWORDS: heart disease prevention strategies weight loss stop smoking lower cholesterol exercise fish oil preventing coronary heart disease term paper. Written 2001. APA Style. 14 pages, 62 footnotes, 25 bibliographic sources. 4,492 words.   $98
 
17732. SHOULDICE HOSPITAL LIMITED (ABRIDGED) CASE STUDY 9-805-002. This paper provides a case analysis and a case solution to a popular Harvard Business School case study (9-805-002) by Roger Hallowell and James L. Heskett on Shouldice Hospital, Limited, a Canadian hospital and medical facility specializing in hernia operations. The problem under analysis is how to best increase the hospital’s capacity to serve more patients while at the same time maintaining control over quality of service delivered as well as sustaining existing high levels of employee and patient (customer) satisfaction. The paper defines the problem, identifies the major issues in the case, analyzes relevant industry/market factors, presents a SWOT analysis of Shouldice, identifies and evaluates possible alternatives, presents strategy recommendations and outlines an implementation plan. KEYWORDS: strategic management hospital capacity expansion quality control advertising marketing strategy swot pest analysis harvard business case study hospital administration case solution. APA Style. 8 pages, 12 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 2,304 words.   $56
 
17718. DWINDLING BIODIVERSITY IN THE TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: LIMITING ADVANCES IN PLANT-BASED MEDICINES This paper provides an overview and analysis of the environmental problem of tropical rainforest destruction and the associated loss of biodiversity in the context of the development of tropical plant-based medicines. The paper includes an overview of the problem of rainforest destruction (its scope and its causes), a discussion of existing and potential tropical rainforest plant-derived pharmaceuticals, and an overview of ethnobotany and efforts to develop the pharmaceutical potential of tropical rainforest plants. It is argued that while the loss of rainforest biodiversity will have the greatest immediate negative impact on the people of the forest, in the future, this loss of biodiversity will have a negative effect on the entire world population as scientists search for effective treatments for both old diseases and newly emerging diseases. It is further argued that focusing on the “services” that tropical rainforests can potentially provide, such as new sources of medicines, should be part of the overall strategy to save the world’s rainforests. At the same time, it is noted that such a strategy needs to be implemented carefully to avoid exploitation of the rainforests and further loss of biodiversity. KEYWORDS: rainforest botanicals plant-derived medicine ethnobotany biodiversity. Written 2005. APA Style. 9 pages, footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 2,092 words.   $63
 
17714. PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN GIRL INTERRUPTED BY SUSANNA KAYSEN. This paper provides a psychological/psychiatric assessment of the main character and narrator of Kaysen’s memoir of her two years in McLean Psychiatric Hospital in the late 1960s. Following a summary of the book, the paper provides a diagnosis of Kaysen according to the five axes of the DSM-IV; identifies and provides examples of defense mechanisms used by the character; describes the main character’s behavior according to the biological and behavioral perspectives; and comments on the treatment approach. KEYWORDS: psychiatric hospitals mental illness psychological analysis depression dissociative disorder personality defense mechanisms psychology case study. Written 2005. APA Style. 13 pages, 27 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 3,102 words.   $91
 
17712. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CARE-GIVING FOR THE OLDER ADULT & ELDERLY. This paper provides an overview and analysis of ethical considerations in care-giving for the older adult and elderly person. The analysis addresses the older adult’s right to autonomy and self-determination and considers ethical and legal concerns surrounding the older person’s capacity to make decisions regarding their own care along with ethical and legal concerns for surrogate decision-makers. The importance of the federal patient Self-Determination Act, informed consent, guardianship, legal capacity, best interest standard, and Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare Decisions in care-giving for the older adult are also considered. KEYWORDS: aging healthcare ethics autonomy legal capacity informed consent patient self-determination act best interest standard care giving surrogate decision making. Written 2005. APA Style. 10 pages, footnotes, 14 bibliographic sources. 2,430 words.   $70
 
17710. DIABETES: CAUSES, PREVENTION & TREATMENT. DIABETES: CAUSES, PREVENTION & TREATMENT. This paper provides an overview and analysis of diabetes, a serious, chronic metabolic disorder which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Following an introduction to diabetes and a discussion of the burgeoning diabetes epidemic, the paper profiles the types, complications, causes, treatments and prevention strategies. It is argued that diabetes is one of the most significant and challenging health problems of the early 21st century and that one of the biggest barriers to addressing this problem is people’s lack of understanding of the disease and its management. Includes a FREE annotated bibliography. KEYWORDS: diabetes prevention diabetes causes etiology diabetes treatment diabetes epidemic disease management. Written 2005. MLA Style. 14 pages, 47 footnotes, 12 annotated bibliographic sources. 3,863 words.   $98
 
17709. ETHICAL CONCERNS IN A CASE OF DEMENTIA. This paper presents a fictionalized account involving an older adult who appears to be suffering from early Alzheimer’s Disease and is caring for a spouse recently incapacitated by a series of strokes. There is a dispute over a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order and a niece is threatening to put her apparently demented uncle on a guardianship. The analysis discusses the ethical issues inherent in the situation and then makes recommendations on an ethical course of action. KEYWORDS: elder care ethics dementia alzheimer’s disease dnr orders autonomy guardianship. Written 2005. APA Style. 9 pages, 12 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 2190 words.   $63
 
17605. MALARIA: A GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM. This paper provides an overview and analysis of malaria as a major health problem affecting many of the underdeveloped regions of sub-tropical Africa, Central America, South America, and Southeast Asia. Discusses the scope of the problem, describes the symptoms of the disease, its causes, and its treatment. Describes how the disease was eradicated in the developed world and then considers developing world prevention and eradication programs, including philanthropic efforts by Bill Gates and others. KEYWORDS: malaria infectious vector borne disease prevention eradication third world. Written 2005. MLA Style. 8 pages, 26 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 1,342 words. 16, 23c   $56
 
17602. MALARIA AND THE BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION. Following a brief profile of malaria as a serious health problem affecting millions of people in Africa and other parts of the developing world, this paper looks at contemporary efforts to eradicate the disease, with a special focus on the efforts led by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. KEYWORDS: malaria eradication efforts philanthropy bill gates foundation. Written 2005. MLA Style. 6 pages, 18 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 1,465 words.   $42
 
17590. HUMAN ORGAN SALES. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the problem of human organ shortages (for the purpose of transplants) and the extensive black market that has developed as a result of this shortage and the illegality of human organ trading. This paper argues that the best solution to the problem is to create a system for the legalized, regulated marketing of human organs. KEYWORDS: human organ sales black market kidneys. Written 2005. MLA Style. 8 pages, 32 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 1,948 words.   $56
 
17502. THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHY ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY IN AN ERA OF AIDS. This paper examines the obstacles that teens face in developing healthy and responsible sexual identities in an era of HIV and AIDS, as well as the ways in which society can support the development of healthy adolescent sexuality. Argues that much of the education that teens receive on sexuality is filtered through a moral lens and grounded in the often erroneous assumption that drastic measures are needed to reduce and subdue the supposed inherent hyper-sexuality of teens. KEYWORDS: Written 2005. Strict APA Style throughout. 13 Pages, 33 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 3,082 words.   $91
 
17490. STRESS MANAGEMENT. This paper provides an overview and analysis of stress management philosophies and techniques, looking at both Western and Eastern approaches. After defining “stress” and considering the need for effective stress management in the modern world, the analysis compares Western (as informed by Seyle and others) and Eastern (e.g., Zen) perspectives on stress and approaches to stress management. Specific stress management techniques, including breathing, relaxation exercises, meditation, massage, physical exercise, psychotherapy and medications are discussed. KEYWORDS: stress management stressors seyle fight or flight meditation therapy zen. Written 2004. APA Style. 13 pages, 32 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $91
 
17477. SUBSTANCE ABUSE. This paper provides an overview of the problem of substance (drug) abuse in contemporary America. Following a definition of substance abuse and a discussion of its epidemiology, the paper considers some of the signs (physical, behavioral, etc.) that an individual is abusing drugs, explores the physical, psychological, social and economic reasons for substance abuse. After a discussion of appropriate treatment goals and modalities, an outline for how to establish an addiction treatment center is presented. KEYWORDS: drug abuse substance abuse epidemiology drug treatment addiction center. Written 2004. MLA Style. 9 pages, 17 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 2,253.   $63
 
17473. BIOETHICS CASE: THE SECOND-HAND SUICIDE THREAT. Dr. Harris, primary care physician to 70 year old Mrs. Preston, must decide how to proceed after learning from Mrs. Preston that her 75-year old husband (not his patient) expressed suicidal intention in the past few weeks in conjunction with heart failure-related debilitation. Mrs. Preston has implored that Dr. Harris not intervene at this time. This essay considers why this case is ethically difficult to resolve, identifying and discussing the conflicting ethical considerations. It is argued that Dr. Harris’s intervention would cause considerable harm and be a violation of his professional ethics related to his duty to respect patient autonomy and dignity, maintain patient’s confidentiality, and duty to first, do no harm. KEYWORDS: bioethics case study analysis ethics assisted suicide euthanasia physician ethics. Written 2004. 8 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 1955 words.   $56
 
17456. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN THE UNITED STATES. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the problems of overweight and obesity in America from a public health and public policy setting perspective. Following an examination of the scope of the problem, including the related health concerns/risks and economic impact, the analysis looks at the major causes and possible solutions to the problem of obesity and overweight in America. Included among the primary causes identified are technological factors which have combined to reduce levels of physical activity and increase levels of food consumption; food industry policies and marketing activities; economic factors; and a decline in Americans’ physical activities. Ultimately, to win its “war on obesity,” the government may need to more closely regulate the food industry and its advertisers, as well as provide subsidies for producers and price incentives for consumers to consume healthier, less energy dense foods while exercising more regularly. KEYWORDS: obesity overweight obese weight reduction diet exercise public policy food. Written 2005. 15 pages, 56 footnotes; 29 bibliographic sources. 3,552 words.   $105
 
17451. MARKETING MEDICAL EQUIPMENT TO CHINA. This paper explores entering the Chinese medical equipment market with a portable digital x-ray product. The first part of the paper presents an overview and analysis of the Chinese market, and a discussion of risks, opportunities, and basic parameters of doing business in China from the perspective of an American firm. The second part of the paper focuses on entering the medical equipment market. The Chinese health industry in general and the medical devices industry (with a focus on digital medical imaging equipment) in particular are profiled and discussed in terms of structure, risks and opportunities. Taking the perspective of a small U.S. manufacturer and marketer of high technology medical imaging equipment, the analysis then presents a tentative program for Chinese market entry, focusing initially on a portable digital x-ray machine. KEYWORDS: China market entry medical devices marketing strategy. Written 2005. 21 pages, 106 footnotes, 46 bibliographic sources. 5066 words.   $133
 
17438. IMPROVING HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE ICU. Drawing on a review of relevant health sciences literature on the importance of good hand hygiene (hand washing, hand disinfection), this essay uses an evidence-based approach to developing a plan to improve compliance of hand hygiene among nurses and other healthcare workers in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Discusses the established role of healthcare workers’ hands in the transmission of hospital-acquired infections, considers the relative advantages and disadvantages of various hand hygiene methods, explores reasons behind the low rate of hand hygiene among healthcare workers, and discusses ways to overcome barriers to improve compliance. Also provides a nursing-based definition of the concept of evidence-based practice. KEYWORDS: hand washing, nosocomial infection, hospital-acquired infections, hand hygiene, health workers nursing prevention. Written 2005. 10 pages, 43 footnotes, 27 bibliographic sources. 2,313 words.   $70
 
17437. A PHILOSOPHY OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE BASED ON PEPLAU’S THEORY OF INTERPERSONAL NURSING. Drawing on the interpersonal nursing theory of Hildegard Peplau (1988), this paper develops a philosophy for professional nursing practice. The nursing philosophy is defined and described in the context of four commonly accepted nursing metaparadigms – person, environment, health and nursing. The analysis expresses the nursing philosophy’s views of the individual health care environment, health and illness and nursing. KEYWORDS: nursing theory Hildegard Peplau philosophy profession. Written 2005. 6 pages, 21 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources. 1,501 words.   $42
 
17433. NURSING RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE: PATIENT & VISITOR AGGRESSION TOWARDS HEALTH CARE STAFF. This paper presents a critique of a nursing research article published in Journal of Clinical Nursing. Through the use of a survey questionnaire of health care staff (n = 375) at a general hospital serving rural and urban communities in northwest England, Winstanley and Whittington (2004) investigated patients’ and visitors’ physical and verbal aggression towards health care staff in the context of different professions and departments. The study is praised for highlighting the multifaceted character of aggression towards health care staff but criticized for methodological failings. KEYWORDS: article review quantitative nursing patient aggression. Written 2005. 6 pages, 11 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 1,554 words.   $42
 
17432. NURSING RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE: CARING FOR DYING PEOPLE IN A HOSPITAL: This paper provides a critique and analysis of a nursing research article from The Journal of Advanced Nursing. The central question of this qualitative exploratory study is “What are nurses’ experiences in caring for dying people?” Hopkinson, Hallett & Luker (2003) conducted nondirective in-depth interviews with 28 newly-qualified Registered Nurses responsible for caring for dying people on acute medical wards. On the basis of their analysis, they constructed a model of the experience of caring for dying people to be used in training nurses. KEYWORDS: article review nursing death dying. Written 2005. 7 pages, 10 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources. 1,624 words.   $49
 
17428. BIPOLAR DISORDER IN CHILDREN. Through a review of scholarly literature, this paper provides a brief overview and analysis of Bipolar disorder in children, with a particular focus on young (prepubertal) children. The paper discusses the estimated prevalence of the illness in children, identifies known and suspected risk factors for developing the illness and outlines the clinical course and symptoms of the disorder in children. The analysis also considers differential diagnosis, commonly associated disorders, and how bipolar disorder in children differs from bipolar disorder in adults. KEYWORDS: manic-depression bipolar childhood ADHD mood disorders. Written 2005. 7 pages, 27 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 1,628 words.   $49
 
17425. MARKETING PRESCRIPTION DRUGS. This paper provides an overview and analysis of Big Pharma’s prescription drug marketing, considering the economic, political, social and ethical aspects of this issue. Following a definition of the issue and an identification of the major stakeholders, the paper analyzes drug manufacturers’ prescription drug marketing, looking at both marketing/promotion to doctors through sales representatives or “detailers” and direct-to-consumer marketing through consumer-oriented advertising and promotions. Policymakers’ and regulators’ response to prescription drug marketing are considered. The concluding section offers recommendations to practicing managers in the pharmaceutical industry about appropriate responses to the challenges and opportunities presented by prescription drug marketing. KEYWORDS: pharmaceutical prescription drug marketing advertising medical ethics healthcare costs. Written 2004. 20 pages, 134 footnotes, 53 bibliographic sources. 4,697 words.   $133
 
17420. OXYCONTIN: ABUSE, ADDICTION & TREATMENT. Since the late 1990s OxyContin, a prescription opioid painkiller, has emerged as a major drug of abuse. This paper provides an overview and analysis of OxyContin abuse and treatment. Following a brief history of the emergence of OxyContin as a drug of abuse, the analysis traces the physiological and psychological signs and symptoms of abuse as well as the familial, cultural and societal implications of OxyContin abuse. Treatment options are then considered, and two recommended interventions/approaches (inpatient/residential and detox/outpatient) are compared and contrasted. KEYWORDS: percodan percocet oxycontin oxycodeine pain pills addiction drug abuse treatment. Written 2004. 14 pages, 41 footnotes, 20 bibliographic sources. 3,360 words.   $98
 
17419. FRAUD IN PUBLIC-FUNDED HEALTH CARE (MEDICARE/MEDICAID) This paper provides a brief overview and analysis of the problem of fraud in publically-funded healthcare programs, focusing on the two largest and most important programs, Medicare and Medicaid. The investigation considers the scope of the fraud and provides an overview of the various types of fraud found in these programs; looks at the major victims of Medicare/Medicaid fraud and identifies the key stakeholders in the fraud problem; describes some of the efforts taken to address the problem; and makes recommendations on how to gather coalitions of stakeholders to better address this problem and preserve access to healthcare for our country’s most vulnerable and needy citizens. KEYWORDS: healthcare fraud Medicare Medicaid. Written 2004. 11 pages, 35 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 2,642 words. 2,642 words.   $77
 
17417. THE ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTER OF THE FUTURE. Focusing on the case of the academic health center, this paper considers what the organization of the year 2010 will be like. Drawing on concepts from organizational theory, the analysis considers what skills, education, and training will be needed in the academic health center in terms of nurses and nursing. Provides an overview of contemporary environmental challenges to academic health centers. Predicts that the future organization will be a learning organization with considerably more dependence on nurse knowledge workers than contemporary academic health centers. Argues that improvements to nursing education, recruitment and retention will be necessary. KEYWORDS: organizational theory nursing nurses teaching hospitals. KEYWORDS: organizational theory learning organizations academic medical centers. Written 2004. 10 pages, 45 footnotes, 37 bibliographic sources. 2,380 words.   $70
 
17393. FIRST, DO NO HARM: ANALYSIS OF PHYSICIAN OBJECTIVES. This paper provides an analysis of Lisa Belkin’s (1993) First, Do No Harm in light of the four learning objectives for medical student education developed by the Association of American Medical Colleges’ (1998) Medical School Objectives Project. The analysis considers the ethical issues raised in Belkin’s (1993) study of the inner workings of the Ethics Committee at Houston’s Hermann Hospital in light of all four objectives: 1) physicians must be altruistic; 2) physicians must be knowledgeable; 3) physicians must be skillful; and 4) physicians must be dutiful. KEYWORDS: medical student education physician ethics book review. 8 pages, 14 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 1,884 words.   $56
 
17381. THE CONCEPT OF EMOTIONAL BURDEN IN DIABETES & OTHER CHRONIC ILLNESSES. . This paper presents a concept analysis of “emotional burden” in chronic illness with specific reference to diabetes. This paper presents an analysis of the concept of emotional burden, including an examination of the meaning and scope of the term, the major factors in exacerbating and alleviating emotional burden, and consideration of models to address emotional burden in chronic illness in general as diabetes in particular. The concluding part of the paper focuses on emotional burden in diabetes. KEYWORDS: diabetes emotional burden chronic illness psychological impact medical illness. Written 2003. APA Style. 12 pages, 56 footnotes, 20 bibliographic sources. 2,974 words.   $84
 
17373. HRM STAFFING PROBLEMS AT A UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER. A study exploring Human resource management (HRM) issues at s University Health Center was conducted. The investigation revealed problems with recruitment and retention of staff, blurred roles and responsibilities amongst the various health centre occupational categories, and staff job dissatisfaction related to inadequate job rewards. Drawing on the contemporary model of HRM as set forth by Storey (1995) and others (Bach & Sisson 2000; Byars and Rue 1997) as well as current literature on health care staffing issues, this paper analyzes the study findings and makes recommendations to assist the health centre in overcoming the identified problem areas. KEYWORDS: staffing hrm health center academic medicine personnel recruitment retention. Written 2004. Harvard Style. 12 pages, 30 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 2,785 words.   $84
 
17331. CRITIQUE OF “AN ANTHROPOLOGIST ON MARS” BY OLIVER SACKS. This paper provides a selected review of the prominent neurologist’s 1995 book containing seven “paradoxical” cases of neurological disease. According to Sacks, these cases are paradoxical because they demonstrate creative adaptations to the suffering caused by brain damage. This paper closely examines two of the cases in the book (“A Surgeon’s Life” and “The Case of the Colorblind Painter”) and based on this examination, it is argued that Sacks’ bias as a neurologist causes him to occasionally lose objectivity. Sacks errs by always placing himself at the center of the cases - as an observer, an actor, and an interpreter as well as by explaining everything in neurophysiological terms. KEYWORDS: Oliver Sacks neurology neurological disorders book review. Written 2005. 7 pages, 17 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 1,743 words.   $49
 
17291. MADELEINE LEININGER'S NURSING THEORY. Using Fawcett’s (2000) nursing metaparadigm as a framework for analysis, this paper provides an overview and analysis of the central concepts and theories developed by a major nursing theorist, Madeline Leininger. The first section provides a summary overview of Leininger’s Culture Care theory and characterizes its place within the metaparadigm of nursing with its four central concepts of person, environment, health and nursing. The next section considers the application of Leininger’s theory in research and practice. The concluding section examines some of the common criticisms of Leininger’s theory and provides a general assessment of her theory within the metaparadigm of nursing. KEYWORDS: madeleine leininger cultural care theory nursing theory diversity culture. Written 2003. APA Style. 14 pages; 61 footnotes; 22 bibliographic sources. 3,895 words.   $98
 
17290. THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PROFESSION. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the concepts of professionalism, ethics, and stress, as they apply to the field of emergency medical services. Discusses issues related to Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders and the threat of patient assaults. Argues in favor of patient-focused ethics and notes the need to follow good stress management procedures. The paper concludes with personal reflections on how one can apply these concepts to one’s own work in this field. KEYWORDS: professional ethics emergency medicine EMT A&E ED. Written 2005. 14 pages, 38 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 3,157 words.   $98
 
17262. DRUGS AND SPORTS: ATHLETES AND STEROIDS. This paper provides an overview of the problem of steroid abuse in sports. The paper briefly traces the history of steroids in sports, the reasons for steroid use among athletes, and the evolution of the steroid controversy in sports. The paper then explores the extent to which steroids are used by athletes (as well as by young athletes and non-athletes) in the present day. This is followed by a presentation of the ethical and medical arguments against steroids. The paper concludes with a discussion of the proposed solutions for dealing with the problem. KEYWORDS: sports drugs doping anabolic steroids athletes baseball football ethics Mark McGwire Sammy Sosa Jose Canseco Rafael Palmeiro Barry Bonds Anti-Doping Agency. Written 2005. MLA Style. 10 pages; 30 footnotes; 22 bibliographic sources. 2469 words.   $70
 
17231. SEX CHANGE SURGERY. This paper covers the historical background of sex change (gender reassignment) operations, and the differences between true transsexualism and “cross dressing”. It also discusses pre-surgery preparations, hormone therapy, and the surgical procedures involved in both male-to-female and female-to-male reassignments. The possible negative side effects and ethical issues are described, but it is also noted that recent improvements in techniques are leading to increased reports of patient satisfaction. Keywords: transgender transsexual sex change surgery gender reassignment. 16 pages; 54 footnotes; 10 bibliographic sources.   $112
 
17221. MANAGEMENT ROLES IN HEALTH/ELDER CARE PROFESSION. This paper notes that many roles and responsibilities for managers in health professions and health care organizations (and more specifically nursing homes) are similar to those of managers in general. Nonetheless, there are also management roles and responsibilities specific to the health care field, as well as specific issues that need to be addressed in this field. Topics include: changes in technology and customer demands (with a projection to the year 2040), the need to balance cost-efficiency and quali