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16. MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE

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17182. RESEARCH ON THE CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.

This paper provides an overview of research on the causes of schizophrenia, reviewing studies which hypothesize genetic, viral, biological, social, and other environmental causative factors. The analysis emphasizes the methods used in the various research studies, rather than their specific outcomes and implications. Rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive review of the extensive literature on schizophrenia, the paper focuses on a review of a representative sample of the research literature covering the range of major current hypotheses about the causes of schizophrenia and focuses further on the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology used in those studies. Keywords: schizophrenia etiology research methodology. Written 2004. 21 pages; 61 footnotes; 26 bibliographic sources. 5,003 words. 		  $133
 

17165. MADELEINE LEININGER’S CULTURAL CARE NURSING THEORY.

. Using Fawcett’s (2000) nursing metaparadigm as a framework for analysis, this paper provides an overview and analysis of the central concepts and theories developed by a major nursing theorist, and founder of transcultural nursing, Madeline Leininger. The first part of the paper provides an overview of Leininger’s Culture Care theory, describing its background; purpose and goals; conceptual framework; key terms; and central assumptions. The second part of the paper considers the application of Leininger’s theory in research and practice. KEYWORDS: madeleine leininger cultural care theory nursing theory diversity nursing research. Written 2003. APA Style. 9 pages, 52 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 2,434 words. 		  $63
 

17162. THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS.

Focusing primarily on cancer diagnosis, this paper explores the use of information technology as an aid to making diagnostic decisions. The development and use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and their integration with clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for diagnostic problems are described and analyzed. Specific applications in breast cancer and prostate cancer diagnostic situations are described. The ethical, practical and technological limitations in IT-assisted medical diagnosis are considered. Written 2003. 11 pages; 38 footnotes; 15 bibliographic sources. 3,063 words. 		  $77
 

17158. THE HIGH COST OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the problem of prescription drug costs as well as consideration of the steps that might be taken to address the problem. Following an overview of the scope and components of the problem, the analysis looks at some fo the major reasons behind the high costs of prescription drugs, including the traditional reasons offered by the drug industry and the reasons suggested by consumer advocates and analysts outside of the pharmaceutical industry. Various ideas for controlling prescription drug costs and/or for solving the problem are considered and discussed. The concluding section makes recommendations on the adoption of specific measures aimed at addressing the problem. Written 2003. 11 pages; 34 footnotes; 28 bibliographic sources. 3,450 words. 		  $77
 

17157. SENATOR PAUL WELLSTONE MENTAL HEALTH EQUITABLE TREATMENT ACT OF 2003.

Introduced into both the House (H.R. 953) and the Senate (S.486) on February 27, 2003, the Mental Health Equitable Treatment Act is a bill “to provide for equal coverage of mental health benefits with respect to health insurance coverage unless comparable limitations are imposed on medical surgical benefits.” Taking a policy advocacy perspective, this paper provides an overview of this proposed legislation and an analysis of the underlying policy issue. Using Jansson’s (2003) framework, potential interventions and techniques to support the bill and/or empower others to take action on mental health parity are discussed. Written 2003. 15 pages; 27 footnotes; 19 bibliographic sources. 4,035 words. 		  $105
 

17153. ARTICLE SUMMARY: "SELLING ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTS IS UNETHICAL."

This paper summarizes an article about selling human organs. The author, a columnist at a leading British weekly, discusses ethical issues in the procurement and allocation of human organs for transplant. He argues that buying and selling human organs for transplant is always unethical, rejecting the notion that a carefully supervised, highly regulated ‘organ market’ could keep the trade in human organs within ethical bounds. Written 2003. 5 pages; 2 footnotes; 1 bibliographic source. 1,288 words. 		  $35
 

17152. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND INFLAMMATION: A LAYMAN'S SUMMARY OF A MEDICAL JOURNAL ARTICLE.

This paper presents a layman’s summary of a June 2003 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The article reports on a large controlled experimental study on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. The researchers test the hypothesis that treatment with one of two NSAIDs will reduce cognitive decline in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s Disease. KEYWORDS: alzheimers disease treatments experimental anti-inflammatory drugs. Written 2003. 7 pages; 1 footnote; 1 bibliographic source. 1,561 words. 		  $49
 

17135. NURSING ARTICLE CRITIQUE: NURSES' COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS.

This paper provides a critique of a 1997 article by Bryne and Heyman in the Journal of Advanced Nursing: “Understanding nurses’ communication with patients in accident and emergency departments using a symbolic interactionist perspective.” After considering the reputation of the researchers and the publication, the critique examines the research problem, literature review, hypothesis, research method, data collection, data analysis, findings, and discussion. Written 2003. 12 pages; 26 footnotes; 12 bibliographic sources. 3,211 words. 		  $84
 

17112. DISEASE AND DEMOGRAPHY: WEST NILE VIRUS AND MALARIA IN THE U.S.

This paper provides an anthropological overview of the arrival of West Nile Virus (WNV) and malaria in the United States, focusing on the Washington, D.C. area. The analysis describes the facts surrounding the arrival of these diseases; discusses the demographics; considers how they are spread and identifies people at risk in the area; reviews the efforts to stop the spread of the diseases; and makes suggestions on future actions aimed at controlling the diseases. Keywords: mosquitoes disease malaria West Nile US. Written 2002. 9 pages; 23 footnotes; 16 bibliographic sources. 2,401 words. 		  $63
 

17106. DIET AND HEALTH IN ENGLISH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

Looking specifically at dietary consumption patterns and dietary-related changes in health in the period preceding and during the industrial revolution, this paper investigates the impact of the industrial revolution in England on people’s diet and overall health. Examines differences in nutritional status and dietary consumption patterns among the various social/economic classes and between urban and rural populations; considers negative as well as positive transformations in diet and health during the period; looks at physical evidence of the diet-related health changes, such as rates of rickets and scurvy and changes in height; and examines non-economic (e.g., consumer preference, food adulteration) as well as economic reasons for the changes. KEYWORDS: industrial revolution diet nutrition dietary factors human health history. Written 2002. APA Style. 20 pages; 34 footnotes; 14 bibliographic sources. 5,003 words. 		  $133
 

17021. THREE MODELS TO EXPLAIN SUBSTANCE ABUSE.

This paper describes the disease, behavioral and sociological models explaining the problem of substance abuse. It is argued that the sociological theory provides the most complete and effective approach for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse. Keywords: addiction treatment causation models. 5 pages; 17 footnotes; 6 bibliographic sources. 1,317 words. 		  $35
 

15998. PHARMACOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROBLEMS.

This paper looks at how knowledge of pharmacology can help addiction treatment practitioners to better understand the impact of different substances on the body and brain. Also discussed is the ways in which medical drugs can be used in substance abuse treatment, and the limits to what pharmacology can explain regarding substance abuse. Keywords: drug treatment pharmacology. Written 2004. 6 pages; 15 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,284 words. 		  $42
 

15997. PROMISING APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ALCOHOLISM AND ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS.

This paper examines three promising approaches in alcohol treatment: 1) the Community Reinforcement Approach; 2) Behavioral Marital Therapy; and 3) Social Skills Training. Evidence of their effectiveness in the treatment of alcoholism is presented, along with suggestions for convincing practitioners to incorporate these approaches into existing alcoholism treatment services. Keywords: alcohol treatment alternatives effectiveness. 5 pages; 18 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15996. DIVERSITY ISSUES IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT.

This paper examines issues related to diversity and multiculturalism in substance abuse treatment. The paper discusses vulnerable groups, peer influences, culturally sensitive practices, the cultural factors that might inhibit disclosure of a problem, and the importance of recognizing that ethnic and racial groups are diverse within themselves. Keywords: addiction treatment culture diversity. 5 pages; 14 footnotes; 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15995. INTEGRATION OF SERVICES IN THE ADDICTION-TREATMENT FIELD.

This paper concerns the movement towards providing integrated criminal justice, mental health, social and substance abuse services within the addiction treatment field. The advantages, disadvantages and overall effectiveness of the integrated approach to substance abuse treatment. Keywords: substance abuse treatment integration. 5 pages; 10 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,341 words. 		  $35
 

15994. AN ADDICTION TREATMENT PROGRAM BASED ON THE "CONTROLLED DRINKING" MODEL.

This paper evaluates the “controlled drinking” approach to the treatment of alcoholism and addiction. The controlled drinking approach is discussed as consistent with a type of harm reduction model of addiction treatment and in contrast to the disease and total abstinence approach to addiction treatment. Research evidence to support the controlled drinking approach is presented, along with the elements to consider in developing a program based on the model. Keywords: addiction alcoholism treatment models. 5 pages, 17 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15993. SHORTCOMINGS IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAMS.

This paper identifies key failures in substance abuse prevention programs, including the failure to pay enough attention to gateway drugs, the failure to accurately understand why young people use drugs and alcohol, the overemphasis on educational information, the failure to effectively engage the community, and the overemphasis on the need for total abstinence. Keywords: addiction prevention failures. 5 pages; 5 footnotes; 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15992. EVALUATION TECHNIQUES IN A SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT AGENCY.

This paper is concerned with the types of measures that should be used to determine if a substance abuse treatment facility is being effective in achieving desired outcomes. Topics include: the determination of outcome goals, appropriate measures, issues to be considered, and the importance of qualitative as well as quantitative data. Keywords: addiction treatment evaluation outcomes. 5 pages; 16 footnotes; 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15991. THE IMPACT OF MANAGED CARE ON ADDICTION-RELATED SERVICES.

This paper examines the challenges to the addiction-treatment profession caused by funding limitations in the managed care environment. Includes such issues as stringent reporting requirements and the effort to provide quality service despite cost cutting. Also provides some suggestions for improving the system. Keywords: addiction treatment managed care. 5 pages; 14 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15990. THE IMPACT OF MANAGED CARE ON ADDICTION-RELATED SERVICES.

This paper examines the challenges to the addiction-treatment profession caused by funding limitations in the managed care environment. Includes such issues as stringent reporting requirements and the effort to provide quality service despite cost cutting. Also provides some suggestions for improving the system. Keywords: addiction treatment managed care. 6 pages; 14 footnotes; 4 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

15989. GROUP TECHNIQUES FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.

Studies have shown that support group meetings can be helpful in the treatment of substance abuse. This papers provides recommendations for creating a successful group, and also describes some of the things that might cause a cause a group to be ineffective. Keywords: addiction group treatment. 5 pages; 19 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15988. THE HARM REDUCTION MODEL OF ADDICTION TREATMENT.

In this paper, the harm reduction model of addiction treatment is presented as an alternative to the medical “disease” model and the criminal justice “law-and-order” model, both of which are described as relatively ineffective for the treatment of substance abuse problems. The paper includes information on various types of harm reduction efforts, and notes that there is research evidence supporting the model’s effectiveness. Keywords: drug abuse treatment models harm reduction. 5 pages; 19 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

15987. RELAPSE IN ADDICTION TREATMENT.

Drawing on a cognitive behavioral model of addiction treatment, this paper discusses the factors that can cause patient relapse and the ways it can be prevented. In addition, the elements of a typical cognitive behavioral relapse prevention program are described. Keywords: drug abuse treatment relapse addiction. 5 pages; 14 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,409 words. 		  $35
 

15986. INITIAL ASSESSMENT AT AN OUTPATIENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE CLINIC.

This paper considers the factors which need to be taken into account during patient processing and assessment of referral needs at an outpatient substance abuse clinic. Includes information on interviewing, taking client histories, and tests of psychological and medical health status. Keywords: drug abuse treatment clinical assessment. Written 2004. 6 pages; 17 footnotes; 5 bibliographic sources. 1,333 words. 		  $42
 

15868. CLONING: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS.

This paper provides an overview of cloning. The paper describes the process by which the sheep Dolly and other mammals have been cloned, and points out that there have been serious problems with cloned animals thus far. Argues that the research on cloning is only in the very early stages, and much more work needs to be done before a truly successful cloning can be achieved. 6 pages, 17 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

15839. SEISMIC SAFETY: HOSPITAL REBUILDING PROGRAM IN CALIFORNIA.

This paper is concerned with the California state requirement for hospital buildings to meet seismic safety standards following the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Despite the high costs of rebuilding, the state failed to provide funding, and there are uncertainties regarding the availability of federal funding. The paper includes various recommendations for making the program run more smoothly. Written 2003. 23 pages; 56 footnotes; 18 bibliographic sources. 5,309 words. 		  $133
 

15806. ACTION PLAN FOR INTRODUCING A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE.

This paper provides a plan for adopting a guideline (contained in the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) regarding the need to provide support and education to families and careers in cases involving schizophrenic patients. Issues discussed include: the need for training, the need for flexibility, the challenges that may be encountered; the management of change; and creating a desired organizational culture. 10 pages; 31 footnotes; 16 bibliographic sources. 2,566 words. 		  $70
 

15805. MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AS AN ADJUNCTIVE PAIN CONTROL THERAPY.

Presents a research design/proposal for a study investigating the use of mindfulness meditation practice in pain reduction for a sample of 50 outpatients experiencing chronic and/or recurring acute pain. Proposal includes problem statement, conceptual framework, statement of hypothesis and research objectives, detail of methodology (sampling procedure, measurement instruments, data collection, data analysis) and plan for the presentation of results. Written 2002. 8 pages, 29 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 		  $56
 

15804. NURSING ETHICS AND CAUSING DEATH IN A NON-DYING PATIENT.

This paper provides an analysis of an amici curiae brief filed by a group of nurses in the case of Christian Busalacchi, a non-dying patient in a vegetative state. The paper summarizes the nurses' arguments and the precedents they cited to support these arguments; analyzes the effectiveness of the nurses' arguments and the conflict of laws or rights imbued in the briefs; and then takes the position of a member of the court and renders a decision and an explanation of the rationale for same. The case concerns Ms. Busalacchi's Guardian's (her father's) petition to the court to have her feeding tube removed and the nurses' opposition to any nursing involvement in "causing the death" of this patient by denying food and water and hence facilitating death by starvation and dehydration. KEYWORDS: nursing case study ethics vegetative state dying patients. 11 pages. Internal citations to legal cases. 3,195 words. 		  $77
 

15802. STEM CELL CONTROVERSY.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the ethical problems presented by human stem cell research. Following a brief background summary on the medical/scientific components of the controversy and an equally brief overview of the current U.S. legal framework on stem cell research, the analysis focuses on the ethics of stem cell research. The ethical arguments for and against stem cell research are considered and the principal ethical dilemmas in the controversy are identified and discussed. The concluding sections present a proposed resolution to the dilemmas and a personal perspective on the problem. It will be argued that stem cell research using particular categories of human embryos and fetal material is ethically acceptable when carried out within a carefully designed ethical/legal framework and that further, there is a moral imperative to conduct such research so that society receives benefits from the related medical breakthroughs. KEYWORDS: stem cells embryos fetus research ethics law parkinsons paralysis experimental treatment. APA Style. 12 pages, 16 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 3,592 words. 		  $84
 

15793. SAFETY.

A profile and analysis of safety considerations in four fields with significant public interactions: law enforcement (municipal police), transportation, banking, and nursing, with a special focus on nursing. The analysis addresses both public safety issues and the personal safety concerns of individuals working in each of these fields. A concluding section looks at safety cases in nursing and summarizes the four main attributes of safety as being prevention, foresight, compassion, and control. 12 pages, 29 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

15785. THE RECREATIONAL DRUG ECSTASY: THE PROBLEM AND SOME ATTEMPTED SOLUTIONS.

Provides an overview and analysis of the recreational drug Ecstasy (aka "E", XTC). Outlines the chemical basis of the drug, describes its main effects and health risks; discusses it use and abuse during the 1970's, and its more recent popularity as a "club drug." Emphasizes the health risks of the drug. Briefly discusses supply and distribution patterns and current law enforcement efforts to discourage use. Considers various individual, school- and family-based psychological (psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, etc.) and drug education programs to address the problem. 9 pages, 32 footnotes, 19 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

15779. ANALYSIS OF AN ARTICLE ON BULIMIA.

Analyzes an article by Sandra R. Yarock that first appeared in a 1993 issue of The American Journal of Psychoanalysis. The article fills a gap in the literature by focusing on four psychological approaches to the study and treatment of chronic bulimia. Written 2002. 5 pages, 13 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $35
 

15774. ANALYSIS OF AN ARTICLE ON CANCER PATIENTS.

Critical discussion of the 1993 journal article "Patient-Related Barriers to Management of Cancer Pain." The article is concerned with a study on the factors that inhibit the use of pain-control medications among certain cancer patients. Written 2002. 6 pages, 0 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

15765. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: AN AIDS PATIENTS' DEMAND FOR FUTILE, LIFE-EXTENDING TREATMENT.

This case involves a conflict between the principles of respect for autonomy and justice and the principle of social beneficence. An HMO nurse, charged with caring for a number of AIDS patients, disagrees with one patients' wish to receive life-sustaining and extending treatment. The analysis states the ethical problem, identifies the principal decision-makers, outlines alternative courses of action and their ethical consequences, ranks the alternatives, and considers ways to avoid similar problems in the future. KEYWORDS: medical ethics case studies dying patients autonomy . Written 2002. 7 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source. 2,051 words. 		  $49
 

15763. THE MEDICAL MODE OF MENTAL ILLNESS: ETHICAL ISSUES FOR THE SOCIAL WORKER.

Drawing on a review of the current psychiatric, psychological and social work literature, this paper provides a synthesis of the argument that the medical model as now construed is often an inappropriate and erroneous model for the treatment of emotional issues. While noting the likelihood of a biological bias or predisposition for some of the currently defined major mental illnesses, it is argued that the existing medical model of mental illness all too often functions as little more than an exercise in biological reductionism. Focusing especially on the "soft diagnoses," the analysis advances arguments concerning the questionable reliability and validity of DSM diagnostic categories as well as arguments concerning the extent to which the medical model serves to disempower clients (by removing their sense of control and focusing their attention on uncontrollable biological forces as the sole "cause" of their "illness"), and how clients would be better served through an alternative model. Following from this analysis, and drawing upon the ethic of informed consent as it is encompassed within the National Association of Social Worker's (NASW) (1999) Code of Ethics, it is argued that it is morally incumbent upon social workers to inform clients of both the questionable validity of their psychiatric diagnosis and that the medical model is only a theoretical orientation which has not been scientifically proven. KEYWORDS: social workers ethics psychiatric diagnosis medical model mental illness. APA Style. 33 pages, 109 footnotes, 38 bibliographic sources. 8,518 words. 		  $133
 

15755. PROFILE OF A NURSING THEORIST: IMOGENE KING.

Using Fawcett's (2000) metaparadigm as a framework for analysis, this paper provides an overview and analysis of the central concepts and theories developed by a major nursing theorist - Imogene M. King. The first section provides a summary overview of King's theory and describes its place within the metaparadigm of nursing. The next section considers the application of King's theory in research and practice. A concluding section examines common criticisms of King's theory and provides a general assessment of her theory within the framework of the metaparadigm of nursing. 10 pages, 42 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

15754. CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD): RISK FACTORS, INDICATORS AND PATHOGENESIS.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the known and emerging risk factors and indicators for coronary heart disease as well as an overview of the pathogenesis of this major killer. The investigation begins with a definition and overview of established risk factors and indicators of CHD, including unmodifiable factors such as genetic predisposition and modifiable or semi-modifiable factors such as hypertension. Also included is a special emphasis on the growing consensus that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and the consequent emergence of inflammatory indicators (e.g., C-reactive protein) as important risk factors and/or predictors of CHD. KEYWORDS: heart disease term paper coronary heart artery antherosclerosis risk factors pathology symptoms. 19 pages, 59 footnotes, 25 bibliographic sources. 5,022 words. 		  $133
 

15752. CHRONIC DIARRHEA.

This termpaper provides a brief overview and analysis of chronic diarrhea, examining its definition and major clinical features; estimating its prevalence and impact; explicating its major possible underlying causes; and discussing the major strategies and techniques that physicians use to diagnosis and evaluate the condition. The focus of this research paper is on chronic diarrhea as it affects adults in developed countries, particularly in North America. KEYWORDS: chronic diarrhea causes treatments essay. APA Style. 7 pages, 15 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 1,997 words. 		  $49
 

15751. MINORITY WOMEN AND EATING DISORDERS.

This paper presents a review of literature which shows that contrary to earlier assumptions, minority women are prone to various types of eating disorders. In addition, some studies have raised interesting questions regarding the role of acculturation in causing eating disorders (or of resistance to acculturation in contributing to obesity). Inconsistencies can be found in the relatively few studies that have been conducted so far on this topic. There is a need for further study and the development of better measurement tools. 23 pages; 52 footnotes; 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

15712. BIOTERRORISM: BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM: ANTHRAX, SMALLPOX & MORE.

SPECIAL HALF OFF SALE TODAY, GET 15 PAGES FOR THE PRICE OF 8 PAGES This paper provides an overview and analysis of the threat and reality of biological terrorism and/or biological warfare in 21st Century, post-September 11th America (2001. The first part of the paper conducts an overview of the potential sources of a biological attack, looking at both state actors and non-state actors, and examining the barriers that these potential attackers would have to overcome in order to carry off a large-scale attack using biological agents. The second part provides an overview of what experts have identified as the five "critical biological agents" that might be used as biological weapons: plague, botulism, tularemia, anthrax and smallpox. TAGS: bioterrorism biological terrorist threats anthrax botulism poison disease terrorism suicide terrorism terrorist organizations. APA Style. 15 pages, 63 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 5,631 words. HALF OFF SALE HURRY ENDS TODAY
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15711. HIGH-RISE BUILDING EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS: FOCUSING ON THE MEDICAL ISSUES.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the medical issues that high-rise building security teams and other high-rise emergency responder teams face in emergency situations (e.g., fire, earthquake, bomb attack, etc.). Specifically, the analysis examines ways in which building-based emergency responders can mitigate the building occupants' exposure to emergency-related health risks; prevent, when possible, occupant injury and illness; and, through rapid and effective response and effective interface with outside/field (non-building - i.e., police, fire, paramedic, health and medical personnel) emergency responders - particularly medical - reduce loss of life and improve health outcomes among other victims in a mass casualty emergency situation. 12 pages, 35 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

15681. AND THE BAND PLAYED ON: THE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND A COMMUNITY IN DISASTER.

Using Randy Shilts' (1987) And The Band Played On as the primary source, this paper examines the early years of the AIDS epidemic as a disaster affecting the gay community within the broader context of collective stress situations, as depicted in Barton's (1969) Communities in Disaster. The impact and responses of the AIDS disaster is compared with three other disasters in Barton's (1969) book: the 1952 Arkansas tornado, the Irish Famine, and the bombing of Hiroshima. KEYWORDS: aids epidemic book review community disaster response. APA Style. 15 pages, 21 footnotes, 2 bibliographic sources. 3,919 words. 		  $105
 

15676. MEDICAL ETHICS: THE USE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS.

This paper provides a brief synthesis and summary of the central concepts found in a chapter on the ethics of medical research and human experimentation. Discusses three major professional codes of ethics dealing with the subject, examines the moral issues involved in non-therapeutic experiments with case examples, considers whether or not consent must always be obtained, describes the random clinical trial process, and looks at issues surrounding research on children. KEYWORDS: human experimentation medical ethics informed consent case studies. APA Style. 7 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source. 1,711 words. 		  $49
 

15667. HIGH-RISE BUILDING RESPONSE TEAM'S EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN: MEDICAL & FIRST AID.

This paper provides an overview and outline of a medical and first aid emergency plan for a high-rise building. This emergency plan is designed to be carried out by building-based first responder teams, specifically teams trained for onsite medical emergency response (the team members are building security employees). The medical issues addressed in the plan are based on a previous high-rise building emergency/disaster scenario risk assessment and on OSHA's Guidelines For First Aid Training Programs. 12 pages, 24 footnotes, 17 bibliographic sources. 		  $84
 

15663. ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE.

This paper presents an overview and analysis of the connection between substance abuse and one particular eating disorder - anorexia nervosa. Following an overview of the clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa, the investigation reviews the literature examining the link between anorexia nervosa and substance abuse. Considers how anorexia differs from bulimia in its relation to substance abuse, differences in substance abuse prevalence by anorexia sub-type, whether substance abuse and anorexia arise simultaneously or whether one disorder precedes the other, and theories providing possible explanations for the link between these disorders. KEYWORDS: eating disorders anorexia anorexic bulimia substance abuse drug abuse comorbid disorders. APA Style. 14 pages, 44 footnotes, 20 bibliographic sources. 3,711 words. 		  $98
 

15662. A NURSE PRACTITIONER BASED WORKSITE WEIGHT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.

This paper describes the theoretical framework and design of a weight management (weight loss) program to be designed and implemented by a staff Nurse Practitioner at the target facility's (a large long-term nursing care facility with 1,200 employees) in-house employees clinic. Provides an overview of current theories and techniques in weight management; discusses current definitions of obesity; considers the importance of designing the program to suit the individual needs of a multi-cultural employee population; and provides a rationale for the use of the Nurse Practitioner (versus physician or paraprofessional) as the program director. KEYWORDS: nursing intervention program weight loss employees. APA Style. 19 pages, 70 footnotes, 25 bibliographic sources. 5,041 words. 		  $133
 

15660. REVIEW OF FATAL FREEDOM BY THOMAS SZASZ.

A favorable review and analysis of controversial psychiatrist Thomas Szasz's book on the ethics and politics of suicide. Summarizes Szasz's central thesis and major arguments favoring the treatment of suicide as a personal decision and individual choice to be made free from State or medical interference and opposing the sanctioning of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Finds the book to be thought provoking, meticulously researched, and well written. Szasz's arguments are compelling and convincing, although his disdain of the medical profession and the psychiatric discipline in particular can be distracting. KEYWORDS: book review physician assisted suicide euthanasia thomas szasz fatal freedom self determination. 11 pages, 16 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 2,764 words. 		  $77
 

15659. NUTRITIONAL NEEDS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of nutritional needs and dietary concerns of patients with Parkinson's disease as well as an overview of potentially beneficial dietary therapies for PD patients. Concerns addressed include weight loss, L-dopa absorption problems and the need for protein intake modulation, and the association between specific dietary factors (e.g., antioxidants, B-vitamins, coffee, alcohol), and PD. KEYWORDS: parkinsons disease symptom management antecedents diet nutrition. APA Style. 12 pages, 33 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 3,093 words. 		  $84
 

15655. ETHNICITY AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION: CULTURAL AND PERSONALITY FACTORS IN DIFFERENCES.

This research paper reviews the current psychological literature on the personality and cultural factors influencing attitudes and receptivity towards psychological/psychiatric intervention/treatment among various ethnic minority groups found in the U.S (including various Latino groups, Asian groups, Africa-Americans, and Native Americans). The analysis begins with an overview of the current thinking on culture and personality and the possible implications for this inquiry. Following this, the current psychological literature on ethnic/cultural differences in attitudes toward psychiatry/psychology and manifestations of mental health problems are reviewed and analyzed. KEYWORDS: mental health attitudes ethnic differences psychiatric treatment acceptance ethnicity culture term paper. Written 2001. APA Style. 15 pages; 45 footnotes; 28 bibliographic sources. 5,251 words. 		  $105
 

15649. DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY AND THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT: INVOLUNTARY CIVIL COMMITMENT AND TREATMENT.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the deprivation of individual liberty encompassed in the process and act of involuntary civil commitment and related involuntary treatment. The focus of this paper is confined to involuntary civil commitments arising within the community (versus involuntary treatment of prisoners or involuntary commitment of sexual predators following their completion of criminal sentence). Describes the rationale for commitment, reviews the history of commitment law in the U.S., and discusses the possible solutions to the problems posed by involuntary civil commitment. KEYWORDS: involuntary treatment psychiatry commitment psychiatric. APA Style. 15 pages, 43 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 3,853 words. 		  $105
 

15646. NIJINSKY: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Using Nijinsky as the subject, this paper provides a case study of schizophrenia. Provides a background overview of schizophrenia (natural course, major symptoms) and then describes the history, onset and course of Nijinsky's illness, drawing upon information from his biographies and own diaries. Recommends a course of treatment involving anti-psychotics and structured therapy. Although Nijinsky was diagnosed well before the era of biological psychiatry, and although he died just prior to the development of anti-psychotics, this case study draws on the perspective of biological psychiatry for an understanding of this illness. KEYWORDS: psychiatric case studies schizophrenia nijinsky. APA Style. 11 pages, 18 footnotes, 16 bibliographic sources. 3,026 words. 		  $77
 

15623. HEALTHY AGING: THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITION.

This paper provides a brief overview and analysis of the critical role of nutrition and physical activity in the health and well-being of the elderly. The analysis examines the problem of malnutrition in the elderly and the relationship between health and nutrition in this population considers specific nutrient needs and concerns of the elderly; and presents dietary recommendations. The specific benefits of physical activity (in terms of disease prevention, health improvements, disability prevention, and improved mental status) are discussed and guidelines for elderly exercise programs presented. 9 pages, 28 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

15622. MARKETING HEALTH INSURANCE ONLINE.

This paper presents an Internet business plan for a fictional (a composite profile was formed based on a survey of the literature on insurance industry trends and composition) established brick-and-mortar health and life insurance broker. This presentation begins with a brief summary of the company and its mission (prior to the implementation of the Internet strategy). This is followed by an industry'/market analysis and description of the marketplace. The Internet business plan includes a company-specific products/services analysis; identification of the target market audience; a profile of the competition; plans for brand name development; articulation of the marketing, sales and promotion strategies; an outline of the customer service support plan; marketing budget and business profitability projections. During the course of the business plan, the presentation articulates a new mission statement for the Internet plan and specifically how the Internet plan dovetails with the existing company business model and mission. Written 2002. 15 pages, 41 footnotes, 25 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

15614. HIGH-RISE BUILDING EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS: FOCUSING ON THE MEDICAL ISSUES.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the medical issues that high-rise building security teams and other high-rise emergency responder teams face in emergency situations (e.g., fire, earthquake, bomb attack, etc.). Specifically, the analysis examines ways in which building-based emergency responders can mitigate the building occupants' exposure to emergency-related health risks; prevent, when possible, occupant injury and illness; and, through rapid and effective response and effective interface with outside/field (non-building - i.e., police, fire, paramedic, health and medical personnel) emergency responders - particularly medical responders - reduce loss of life and improve health outcomes among other victims in a mass casualty emergency situation. 15 pages, 35 footnotes, 24 bibliographic sources. 		  $105
 

15612. NURSING ETHICS CASE STUDY: FORCE-FEEDING A DEPRESSED, TERMINALLY ILL PATIENT.

This case concerns a depressed 47-year-old man who has recently been diagnosed with leukemia and is currently undergoing ECT treatments in a psychiatric ward. The severely depressed man is refusing to eat or drink. Nursing staff has responded with a plan to force-feed the patient through an NG tube. The ethical problems involve a conflict between patient autonomy, the medical staff's obligation to take action which benefits the patient, and their duty to avoiding harming the patient. The analysis states the ethical problem, identifies the principle decision-makers, outlines alternative courses of action and their ethical consequences, ranks the alternatives, and considers ways to avoid similar problems in the future. KEYWORDS: nursing ethics dying patients starvation feeding case studies. 8 pages, 1 footnote, 1 bibliographic source. 2,242 words. 		  $56
 

15611. PREDICTIVE GENETIC TESTING IS INHERENTLY UNETHICAL WITHIN THE EXISTING U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM.

This paper analyzes the ethically complex and controversial issue of predictive genetic testing. It will be argued that given the current conditions in the U.S. healthcare system, the use of predictive genetic testing is inherently unethical and should be prohibited because it may harm patients and result in injustices. It is argued that the benefits of genetic testing are grossly overstated (e.g., there are often no treatments available for genetic diseases) and that the risks, especially those related to breach of patient confidentiality, loss of insurance, and discrimination in employment, are grossly understated. It is maintained that barring the implementation of a system of universal healthcare, predictive genetic testing will remain an ethically unviable proposition. 18 pages, 26 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $126
 

15547. IN THE LAND OF GOD AND MAN (SILVANA PATERNOSTRO).

Review of book on the threat of the spreads of AIDS among Latin American women, which the author argues is related to the extramarital affairs of "macho" husbands. Criticizes the author's use of "emotionalized" language, but otherwise finds the book useful because it provokes debate on an important health risk issue. 6 pages, 18 footnotes, 1 bibliographic source. 		  $42
 

15514. MISLEADING STATISTICS ON THE HEALTH RISKS OF SECOND-HAND SMOKING.

Although there are clearly health risks associated with smoking, the paper argues that the statistical data used to support policies to ban public smoking are often "manipulated" (i.e., the studies contain methodological flaws, misrepresentations or exaggerations). It is concluded that more impartial studies are needed in order to better guide policy in the future. 6 pages, 9 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $42
 

15481. INSANITY: LEGAL VERSUS PSYCHIATRIC VIEWPOINTS.

This research paper provides an overview and analysis of legal versus psychiatric/medical views of insanity with a particular focus on the insanity defense and the legal approach to mental illness in the criminal courts. The essay begins with a historical background on the development of the insanity defense. Following this, we consider the use and components of the insanity defense in contemporary American jurisprudence, looking at the acceptance of the insanity defense as a valid legal strategy in various jurisdictions, the alternatives to the insanity defense, and the psychiatric and legal issues surrounding insanity defenses and the disposition of acquitted defendants. KEYWORDS: law psychiatry legal status mentally ill persons insanity defense term paper. Written 2001. APA Style. 13 pages, 48 footnotes, 21 bibliographic sources. 5,502 words. 		  $91
 

15476. HEALTH FOOD MARKETING.

This paper presents a study of health food marketing examines consumer attitudes, beliefs and preferences towards health and nutrition in general and health food and related supplements in particular as part of an effort to formulate a more effective marketing program for a specific health food store. Following a review of relevant literature, the results of a questionnaire administered to twenty-five (25) randomly selected customers from the target health food store are presented and analyzed. Drawing on the results of the survey, the outline of a new store marketing campaign stressing product quality and the knowledge of staff about health food products is presented. KEYWORDS: survey questionnaire study health food marketing. APA Style. 25 pages, 37 footnotes, 22 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

15469. COMBATING DECLINING PROFESSIONALISM IN HEALTHCARE.

Focusing on provider-patient relations (primarily physician-patient) and physicians' ethical responsibilities to patients, this paper examines declining professionalism and professional ethics in contemporary medicine. The essay is organized into three main parts. Part one defines professionalism and its components within the context of medicine. Part two examines the decline in medical professional ethics in recent years, considering some of the possible causes for the decline. Part three considers some of the steps which might be taken to address the problem of declining professionalism. KEYWORDS: physicians nurses health professions term paper medical professionalism essay. APA Style. 10 pages, 28 footnotes, 19 bibliographic references. 		  $70
 

15439. DORTHEA OREM'S SELF-CARE MODEL OF NURSING.

This paper provides a focused review on the application of a nursing model (Dorthea Orem’s 1995 Self-Care framework, also known as Orem’s self-care deficit theory) in nursing research, education, administration and practice. Following an overview of the social utility of Orem’s conceptual framework according to the analytical framework established by Fawcett (2000), the paper reviews the nursing literature on the application of Orem’s conceptual framework in nursing. Keywords: nursing theory models self-care. 14 pages; 32 footnotes; 18 bibliographic sources. 		  $98
 

15428. COMPUTERIZED MEDICATION PRESCRIBING: A HIGH TECH SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF MEDICATION ERRORS.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of one important method for preventing and reducing medication errors: electronic drug prescribing. It is argued that electronic drug prescribing has the potential to dramatically reduce medication errors and their related adverse drug events by directly addressing errors and/or problems which occur during the ordering process by ensuring the legibility of prescriptions, correcting for misspelling or inadvertent ‘wrong choice' drugs, and alerting the prescribing physician to proper dosing, potential drug interactions and patient contraindications, and alternative "better" choice medications. It is further argued that electronic drug prescribing will serve to reduce medication errors and related ADEs by improving physician-nurse medication-related communication and contributing to improvements in nursing efficiency which will in turn lead to better patient care and patient safety. 12 pages, 34 footnotes, 20 bibliographic references. 		  $84
 

15247. CONTROVERSIES IN ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT: ABSTINENCE VERSUS CONTROLLED DRINKING.

Based on a review of the current literature on alcoholism treatment, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the two opposing models of alcohol treatment: 1) the traditional model, which views alcoholism as a disease and abstinence as the only acceptable treatment goal; and 2) newer approaches (e.g., moderation management, controlled drinking, rational recovery), which view alcoholism as a behavioral problem and sees controlled drinking or "moderate" drinking as an appropriate treatment goal. The analysis compares the philosophy of each model, discusses the differences in the two treatment approaches, considers empirical support for the efficacy of each model, and discusses the suitability of each model for different patient populations. KEYWORDS: alcoholism treatment controversies abstinence controlled drinking alcoholics. Written 2001. APA Style. 18 pages, 47 footnotes, 31 bibliographic references. 5,434 words. 		  $126
 

15232. PHYSICIAN ETHICS & MANAGED CARE.

This paper analyzes a crucial issue in contemporary physician ethics: physicians' need to reconcile their primary duty to their patients' welfare with their obligations and interests arising from a health care system dominated by the managed care model. Following an overview of the issue, the analysis explores specific examples of physicians' confrontation of this ethical conflict. The impact of financial incentives, gag orders, and MCO-dictated clinical guidelines are considered, as are the implications of physicians' willingness and/or tendency to try and "game the system." The concluding section makes suggestions on how to modify the system to reduce physicians' ethical conflict and encourage physician adherence to professional ethics. KEYWORDS: physician ethics managed health care ethical issues doctors. APA Style. 11 pages, 45 footnotes, 16 bibliographic references. 		  $77
 

15168. THE EMERGENCE OF AIDS IN THE EARLY 1980S, AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GAY/LESBIAN COMMUNITY.

At first, shock and denial, as well as economic and political concerns, caused the community to not react appropriately to the crisis. However, by the end of the decade, the gay and lesbian community was actively involved in AIDS education and caring for victims. 7 pages, 17 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references. 		  $49
 

15126. BIOETHICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.

Explores the ethical and social problems involved in the exploitation of flora and fauna for medicine, foodstuffs and other products. Argues that biotechnology is motivated to protect rain forests and wildlife, and may help preserve indigenous peoples in passing. 6 pages, 10 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references. 		  $42
 

15105. MEMOIRS OF DEPRESSION.

This term paper provides a summary review and analysis of six different memoirs about the experience of suffering from major depression – memoirs by Emily Fox Gorden, Martha Manning, Jeffery Smith, William Styron, Tracy Thompson, Lewis Wolpert. The different memoirs provide different perspectives on the causes, experiences, and appropriate treatments for this common mental illness. KEYWORDS: major depression depressive illness personal accounts memoirs. MLA Style. 11 pages, 31 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $77
 

15101. THE ETHICS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED FROM NATURE.

This paper explores the ethical problems of biotechnology and use of natural resources, mainly in less developed nations, by scientists and business of the developed world. Among the issues reviewed are ethical conflicts posed by research, development and marketing of new drugs from exotic sources, creation and marketing of new flora and fauna, and the exploitation of tribal areas for profit. KEYWORDS: biotechnology ethics exploitation natural resources less developed countries. Turabian Parenthetical Style. 6 pages, 14 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 1,445 words. 		  $42
 

15070. NATIVE AMERICANS AND ALCOHOLISM.

Following a brief overview of the general population characteristics and health status of Native Americans, the analysis examines the historical and cultural roots of alcoholism in Native Americans, profiles current alcohol consumption patterns and their relation to morbidity and mortality among this group, and considers efforts to address this major health concern. KEYWORDS: american indians native americans alcohol alcoholism drinking health term paper. APA Style. 15 pages, 31 footnotes, 16 bibliographic references. 3,919 words. 		  $105
 

15046. ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND THE USE OF RITALIN.

Discusses the controversy over the use of the drug to control the problem. Covers the pro's and con's of the issue, and argues that Ritalin should still be used for those that need it, but urges caution in diagnosis and prescription. 7 pages, 19 footnotes, 6 bibliographic references. 		  $49
 

15042. THE MORALITY OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA.

Examines the issue from two moral perspectives: respect for persons and justice. Argues in favor of respect for persons in this case, because the justice view is too rigid, lacks compassion for those who suffer, and is built on faulty reasoning. 7 pages, 16 footnotes, 9 bibliographic references. 		  $49
 

15031. THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A paper on how the nervous system affects human thoughts and actions, with special reference to a study regarding how it is able to "memorize" the steps in limb movement. 6 pages, 8 footnotes, 3 bibliographic references. 		  $42
 

15020. THE HEALTH PROBLEMS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS OF THE LOWER MIDDLE CLASS.

Examines the evidence from various studies regarding the reasons for the increased risk of certain chronic ailments among this group; topics include the lack of facilities and resources, discrimination, and environmental factors causing stress. 10 pages, 18 footnotes, 10 bibliographic references. 		  $70
 

15018. FETAL TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.

This research paper examines the medical/scientific, ethical/moral and legal/policy concerns and issues surrounding human fetal cell transplantation and its medical applications. The paper begins with a summary and analysis of the international medical literature on fetal tissue transplantation research and applications. This section outlines the scientific rationale for fetal cell transplantation and draws upon both animal and human subject studies to summarize the proven and potential medical applications of fetal transplantation. The next section examines the ethical and moral aspects of fetal cell research. The analysis provides an overview of the major ethical issues, with a close focus on the link with abortion. Ethical issues unrelated to abortion, including commercialization of tissue transfers and the questions of brain tissue and personality, are also considered. The next section examines fetal tissue research policy and national politics. The politics of fetal tissue transplantation in the United States is compared with fetal tissue transplant politics in other countries, particularly Great Britain. A final section considers the future of fetal tissue transplantation, considering both its medical promises and its policy conundrums. KEYWORDS: fetal tissue transplantation stem cells medicine parkinsons abortion diabetes alzheimers controversy. APA Style. 58 pages, 272 footnotes, 89 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

15002. THE CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.

This paper will provide an overview and analysis of the past, present and future of Canada's health care system. Following an overview of the history and evolution of the Canadian health care system, the investigation examines current conditions in Canada's health care system and details recent efforts towards reform. Major problem areas, including patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction, funding, and service delivery delays are identified and discussed. The current state of the Canadian health system is considered within an international context, with direct comparisons to the U.S. health care system in particular and additional comparative references to the national health systems in Britain, Europe, Japan and Australia. The concluding section identifies future trends in Canadian healthcare and makes recommendations for system reform. 25 pages, 86 footnotes, 34 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

14216. ST. LUKE'S HOPSITAL(A) & (B) CASE STUDY.

This paper provides an analysis of a Harvard Business School case study on St. Luke’s Hospital (an academic medical center), focusing on a problem of human resources management and leadership in the Nursing Department. Following an executive summary, the paper includes an analysis of the problem; problem statement; identification and analysis of four potential alternatives; and summary recommendations with implementation plan. KEYWORDS: hospital management case study Harvard Business personnel human resources management leadership. 10 pages; 0 footnotes; 0 bibliographic sources. 2,498 words. 		  $70
 

14203. ELI LILLY & CO. (A) GLOBALIZATION HARVARD CASE STUDY 391032.

This paper presents an analysis and a case solution to a Harvard Business School case (391032) by Michael Y. Yoshino and Thomas W. Malnight concerning the pharmaceutical giant’s international expansion strategy as of the summer of 1989. The analysis focuses on Eli Lilly’s attention to environmental vision and organizational requirements. Threats and opportunities in the external environment are identified and analyzed and considered in light of the company’s internal strengths and weaknesses. The concluding section presents recommendations on how Lilly should implement an effective globalization strategy. KEYWORDS: case study Harvard Business School pharmaceutical industry Eli Lilly globalization global expansion marketing case solution. 11 pages, 0 footnotes, 0 bibliographic sources. 3,018 words. 		  $77
 

14104. MEDICAL MARIJUANA CONTROVERSY.

This term paper provides an overview and analysis of the legal, medical and ethical aspects of the current medical marijuana controversy in the United States. Following a history of marijuana and an overview of U.S. policy towards medical marijuana, the analysis examines the medical case for and against the use of medical marijuana, looking at the pharmacology of the drug, the proposed and established medical uses for marijuana, and the short- and long-term consequences of marijuana use. The essay concludes with a summary of the findings and a set of recommendations for policy change and future scientific research on this controversial issue. KEYWORDS: medicinal marijuana term paper medical uses cannabis. APA Style. 15 pages, 46 footnotes, 24 bibliographic references. 5,195 words. 		  $105
 

14101. ANCIENT MEDICINE: MEDICINE IN ANCIENT EGYPT, GREECE & ROME.

This paper provides a survey overview and analysis of medicine in three ancient civilizations: Egyptian, Greek, and Roman, with a primary focus on Egyptian medicine and a brief treatment of Greco-Roman medicine. The investigation begins with an overview of ancient Egyptian medicine, which arguably represented the earliest evidence of the development of a naturalistic-based (versus supernatural and/or magical) medicine. The overview of medicine in ancient Greece focuses on the Hippocratic tradition. Finally, the analysis considers the continued evolution of Greek medicine in the Roman Empire, with a special focus on the work of Galen, another "father of medicine" who is generally regarded as the second-greatest (after Hippocrates) physician of antiquity. KEYWORDS: medicine history term paper galen hippocrates. APA Style. 28 pages, 68 footnotes, 21 bibliographic reference. 7,133 words. 		  $133
 

14100. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY.

This paper provides a profile and analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy from the perspective of a therapist-in-training. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is defined and its general approach and core techniques explicated. The essay includes a rationale for the use of this psychotherapeutic approach in various psychological and psychiatric illness and discusses its existing and potential application as an adjunctive therapy in serious mental illnesses. KEYWORDS: psychotherapy cognitive behavioral therapy CBT treatment mental illness psychiatry term paper. Written 2000. APA Style. 14 pages, 37 footnotes, 19 bibliographic references. 3,798 words. 		  $98
 

14070. NURSING ADMINISTRATION IN AN ERA OF MANAGED CARE.

This paper provides a summary analysis and reaction to an interview with an assistant director of nursing for a university hospital and medical center. After a brief summary description of the interviewee and her specific position and duties, the essay considers a range of healthcare administration topics relevant to the interviewee's area of expertise and practice, including quality of patient care, performance measurement and appraisal, the healthcare organization's relation to its environment, economic/financial issues, ancillary nursing support issues, staffing issues, physician-nursing relationships, and the future of nursing administration. KEYWORDS: nursing administration nurse administrators managed care nursing practice interview term paper. APA Style. 12 pages, 7 footnotes, 7 bibliographic references. 3,130 words. 		  $84
 

14043. LUNG CANCER.

This termpaper presents a thorough overview and analysis of the etiology, epidemiology, clinical course, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of the world’s leading cause of cancer mortality -- lung cancer. The research paper discusses the multifactorial etiology of lung cancer, while stressing the primary role of smoking; considers prevention strategies and stresses the need for early-detection programs since the high rate of lung cancer mortality (overall 5-year survival is 10-14% for all types and stages) is mainly related to the fact that most lung cancer patients are already in advanced stages of disease at the time of diagnosis. KEYWORDS: lung cancer carcinoma pulmonary term paper etiology prevention treatment. APA Style. 22 pages, 46 footnotes, 18 bibliographic sources. 5,407 words. 		  $133
 

14024. MENINGITIS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS.

This termpaper provides an overview and analysis of the problem of meningitis outbreaks among college students. The paper begins with an overview of meningococceal disease in terms of its pathophysiology and general epidemiology. The second part of the essay focuses specifically on meningitis in the college student population, examining the epidemiology of the disease in this population and assessing current medical knowledge and public health policy concerning meningitis in the college student population. KEYWORDS: college students transmittable disease meningitis outbreak term paper. Written 2000. 14 pages, 49 footnotes, 23 bibliographic references. 4,479 words. 		  $98
 

14003. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC DISORDERS.

This essay provides a summary and critical evaluation of the research on the psychological effects of chronic disorders. The essay begins with an examination of the research with looks at the association between chronic disorders and psychological symptoms from a broad perspective, considering the direction of the relationship, and presenting models of the chronic disorder/psychological effects linkage. Following this, the essay presents a critical evaluation of several recent research studies on the psychological/psychiatric effects of chronic disorders. A summary section presents a synopsis of the major findings as presented in the essay. KEYWORDS: chronic illness psychological effects research paper. APA Style. 16 pages, 39 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 4,215 words. 		  $112
 

13941. PATIENT-PROVIDER COMMUNICATIONS.

This report investigates communication aspects of the provider-patient relationship. In particular, the analysis considers the extent to which individual patient and provider (physician and other ) characteristics influence communication in the medical consultation. In addition to looking at specific characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, patient knowledge, and physician specialty, the analysis discusses the extent to which the new managed care environment shapes the context and content of patient-provider communications. 14 pages, 35 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 		  $98
 

13921. VITAMINS: MYTHS AND REALITIES.

A brief overview of the importance of vitamins in maintaining human health and nutrition. Discusses the role of specific vitamins (A, Bs, C, D, E, K) differentiates between fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and discusses the pros and cons of using supplements. 5 pages, 8 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

13912. THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE MEDICAL TRANSPLANT INDUSTRY.

A brief overview of the medical (organ) transplant industry, looking at its strategic importance and its control in the global market. Notes that while the U.S. now dominates the global market, EU countries are key rivals who have the technology and market savvy to upstage the U.S. 5 pages, 1 footnote, 6 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

13911. THE ORGAN TRANSPLANT AND PROSTHETIC DEVICE INDUSTRY.

An overview and analysis of the fast-growing organ transplants and prosthetic devices sector of the larger medical equipment and supplies industry. Defines the central products in the sector; describes the size of the market in the U.S. and the world; discusses issues of technology transfer; describes related industries; examines new products; and profiles major country competitors in the sector. 10 pages, 15 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13887. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS ALCOHOLISM: THE U.S. AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.

Compares and contrasts the public perception and social policies towards alcoholism in the United States and the former Soviet Union. Argues that the Soviets' traditional approach to alcoholism was that it was a "social problem" amenable to treatment with social/political policies such as taxes, restrictions in production, and education. Attempts in the 1980's to limit production proved fruitless because of the Soviet public's attitude towards drinking as a "right." Notes that the Soviets began moving towards a U.S.-style medical model of alcoholism in the late 1980's. 10 pages, 26 footnotes, 11 bibliographic sources. 		  $70
 

13885. PNEUMONIA.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of pneumonia. Following a brief definition of the respiratory disorder, the analysis discusses the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols and prognosis for the disease. Recent rends concerning the emergence of multidrug resistant strains and the low rate of immunization among high-risk groups are discussed. Keywords: respiratory disorder infectious disease lung prevention causes treatment. 16 pages; 47 footnotes; 15 bibliographic sources. 		  $112
 

13884. ASTHMA.

This paper provides an overview and analysis of the chronic obstructive airway disorder of asthma. Following an overview of the epidemiology of the disorder and a brief definition of the disease, the analysis considers etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. 18 pages, 47 footnotes, 15 bibliographic sources. 		  $126
 

13876. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA.

Profiles this inherited disorder which mainly affects persons of Black African ancestry. Describes the etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment protocols and patient prognosis in the disease. The analysis focuses on the chronic nature of the disease and the multiple medical complications associated with its course. 7 pages, 13 footnotes, 10 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

13869. THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Examines the genetic theory of the origins of schizophrenia. The analysis focuses on the genetic linkage of inherited phenotype to the onset of the disease, rather than on the symptoms or treatments of schizophrenia. Evidence for alternative causes of schizophrenia are assessed and the problems in determining a biological/genetic basis considered. Concludes that a genetic cause of some but not all forms of schizophrenia has been demonstrated. 20 pages, 29 footnotes, 31 bibliographic sources. 		  $133
 

13849. THE ETHICS OF HUMAN CLONING.

Focusing on the recent developments in genetic engineering and cloning, this paper considers the ethics of cloning human beings. Following a brief background discussion of human cloning and genetic engineering, the essay considers the arguments for and against human cloning. The paper concludes that human cloning is ethically unacceptable. KEYWORDS: human cloning ethics term paper genetic engineering argumentative essay. Written 2000. MLA Style. 9 pages, 19 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 2,609 words. 		  $63
 

13831. BIOMEDICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA.

Profiles the medical diagnosis and treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. Begins with an overview of the pathogenesis of the disease and a description of its major forms and then provides a profile of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical course, symptoms and prognosis; and diagnosis and treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. 5 pages, 9 footnotes, 5 bibliographic sources. 		  $35
 

13809. NURSING LEADERSHIP.

An analysis of leadership and management in nursing from the perspective of a charge nurse at the Center for Pediatric Medicine and Rehabilitation of the New York Foundling Hospital. Describes the role and duties of the pediatric intensive care unit charge nurse and discusses the charge nurses' expected leadership style and leadership responsibilities related to decision-making, motivation and discipline. 9 pages, 15 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 

13801. DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED.

Argues in favor of the legalization of all currently illegal drugs as controlled substances. Offers three main arguments for legalization: 1) the supply of illegal drugs and the demand for them can never be stopped; 2) law enforcement and social service systems cannot cope with the problems of underground drug use; and 3) the social and medical costs of continuing the 'war on drugs' far outweighs the potential risks of legalizing and controlling drugs. 7 pages, 3 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources. 		  $49
 

13756. NURSING PERSPECTIVES ON THE HEALTH INSURANCE CRISIS.

Following an overview of the historical development of health insurance in the U.S. (including government-subsidized Medicare and Medicaid as well as private, voluntary plans), this investigation looks at contemporary changes/crises in the health insurance industry (the evolution of managed care, the financial crisis in health care funding) and its particular impact on the nursing profession. 9 pages, 19 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources. 		  $63
 
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