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6A. GENERAL LAW

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13789. FORMALITY IN LEGAL SYSTEMS. The essay explores the relative merits of formal and informal processes in adjudication with the objective of determining the relative merits of each in terms of various types of conflicts, classes of litigants, and just results. Draws on examples from the American system of jurisprudence (formal) and Islamic Law (informal). 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 3 bibliographic sources.   $42
 
13777. LOTUS DEVELOPMENT AND SOFTWARE AS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY. A case analysis of Lotus and the spreadsheet computer software industry from the perspective of the seminal 1990 copyright infringement case, Lotus Development Corporation v. Paperback Software. Profiles the spreadsheet segment of the computer software industry in the 1980's and early 1990's, considers Lotus' dominance with its 1-2-3 product and profiles competitive challengers. 10 pages, 12 footnotes, 12 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
13741. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION FOR HISPANICS. Examines the impact of affirmative action programs on the Hispanic population and the significance of Supreme Court reversals of two-and-a-half decade movement toward the redress of past discrimination through positive hiring practices. Focuses on the affect of these court decisions on the prospects for Hispanics in the U.S. job market. 9 pages, 18 footnotes, 6 bibliographic sources.   $63
 
13734. THE DEBATE ON GUN CONTROL. An overview of the major players involved in pro- and anti-gun control lobbying efforts. Includes a discussion of the National Rifle Association's arguments against gun control and an examination of the Police Officer and Police Chief Association's strategy to pass pro-gun control initiatives like the Brady Bill. 6 pages, 3 footnotes, 5 bibliographic references.   $42
 
13713. INTERNATIONAL EXTRADITION LAW: THE POLITICAL OFFENSE EXCEPTION. An investigation of the "political offense exception" in international extraditions, considering its history from its inception in the mid-19th Century through the World Wars of the 20th Century and up to the present era; examining the legal and political rationale for the use of the exception; exploring the changing definition of the political offense exception; tracing the applications of the exception in contemporary international human rights law; and examining the development of standards for application of the exception, with a close focus on American jurisprudence. 18 pages, 26 footnotes, 13 bibliographic sources.   $126
 
13711. THE SUPREME COURT ON SEARCH AND SEIZURE. A review and analysis of Supreme Court decisions on Fourth Amendment (search and seizure) cases from 1987 to 1991, showing how the Rehnquist Court undertook a major revision in the interpretation of the Fourth Amendment away from the broad interpretation of the past and towards a narrower view of the rights of suspects. 13 pages, 29 footnotes, 19 bibliographic sources.   $91
 
13646. SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF MAKING ABORTION ILLEGAL. This paper demonstrates how the outlawing of abortion would be a dangerous, inhumane and destructive decision. Abortion will not be seen as just a "human right," since such personal decisions of life and death ultimately transcend all narrow legal concepts, but as a practical moral necessity. 5 pages, 7 footnotes, 8 bibliographic references.   $35
 
13541. THE HIT MAN CASE. Discusses the lawsuit in which it was claimed that the book Hit Man (Paladin Press) was used as a "manual" by a hired killer. Considers the First Amendment arguments in the case, as well as the implications of the case's outcome. 5p. 16f. 7b.   $35
 
13510. WRONGFUL TERMINATION. Discusses the legal concept and the types of cases that have been brought to court. Also covers what companies should do to avoid such suits and concludes by arguing for the use of "alternative dispute resolution". p. 14f. 6b.   $49
 
13505. SCHOOL PRAYER IN AMERICA. Examines the religious, pedagogical and constitutional issues involved in school prayer in 'America. The history of school prayer and religious expression is reviewed from colonial times to the modern period. Major court decisions and theories are described from the time of Jefferson through the decisive 1962 ban on school prayer in public schools. Arguments for and against school prayer are reviewed, with the conclusion arguing against prayer in U. S. schools for legal reasons. 25p. 32f. 28b.   $133
 
13468. THE NEED FOR CENSORSHIP OF ARTS AND CULTURE. Discusses the problem of obscene or hateful forms of expression that harm others. Also discusses Supreme Court rulings that have failed to censor such forms of expression, and argues that the First Amendment does not guarantee the right to use them. 7p. 15f. 7b.   $49
 
13425. JURIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE AMERICAN JUSTICE SYSTEM. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the impact of juries on the American justice system. The process by which juries render verdicts and exert influence on the justice system is considered from the perspective of communication theory. The analysis and discussion of civil juries will focus particularly on issues related to jury competence in weighing facts and evidence as well as the issue of bias in the determination of monetary awards, while the analysis of criminal juries will focus especially on issues of jury representation, discrimination/bias, and jury nullification. 16p. 47f. 23b.   $112
 
13390. FREEDOM OF SPEECH. Covers such contemporary issues as obscenity and violence in the media, hate speech, flag burning, and the right to display unpopular symbols. Relates these issues to the American tradition of free speech and concludes that the government should not restrict speech in any way. 12p., 34f., 11b.   $84
 
13370. THE ETHICS OF INVOLUNTARY PSYCHIATRIC COMMITMENT. Considers the controversial biomedical ethics issues related to involuntary commitment of the mentally ill, weighing the patients’ rights and patient autonomy arguments against and the utilitarian and parens patriae arguments in favor of involuntary commitment. Examines the extent to which the “purity” of these opposing moral arguments have been confounded and diluted by the politics of deinstitutionalization, the problem of homelessness and the public’s fear of the mentally ill. KEYWORDS: psychiatry ethics mentally ill confinement involuntary psychiatric commitment. APA Style. 10 pages, 17 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
13184. HUMAN RIGHTS IN AUSTRALIA. Argues that the laws and programs for providing human rights are inadequate, despite the tradition of "fairness" in the country and the fact that citizens can appeal to the United Nations. Also discusses the recent spread of racist attitudes in the nation's political arena. 9p., 25f., 11b.   $63
 
13183. SAME-SEX MARRIAGES AND DOMESTIC PARTNER BENEFITS. Analyzes the pro and con views on this issue and argues that not allowing same-sex marriages is a form of discrimination. Also argues that providing domestic partner benefits is good for business, and notes that many companies and city governments have started providing such benefits. 28p., 73f., 15b.   $133
 
13180. THE MICROSOFT ANTITRUST CASE. This paper presents an overview and analysis of the U.S. Department of Justice's antitrust case against Microsoft. The analysis begins with an overview of U.S. antitrust law and the current debate over how the doctrine of antitrust can or should be applied to rapidly-changing high-tech fields such as computing and the Internet. The next section presents a history and background of the DOJ vs. Microsoft case, followed by a discussion of the central issues in the case, both in terms of the DOJ's central charges and in terms of Microsoft's responses. The concluding section discusses the win/lose implications of the case. 13p., 44f., 38b.   $91
 
13149. UNCONVENTIONAL CONFLICTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. Efforts to regulate resistance groups without conferring rights on terrorists. Argues that terrorism is never legitimate and that guerrillas and others must play by the rules to maintain their legal status. Urges more international cooperation in dealing with the issue, and considers the idea of creating deterrence through threat of military retaliation. 9p., 34f., 10b.   $63
 
13135. SOFTWARE PIRACY. Examines the problem of software policy in international business. Defines the problems and its scope, looking at why software piracy has become such a problem and considering its impact on the global software industry, corporations, end users, and developing countries. Identifies and assesses options to solve the problem (considering technological, legislative, educational, management and tort approaches), selects an option, and presents a defense for this selection. Argues that solving the problem of software piracy requires a holistic approach combining technological (encryption strategies), legislative (amendments to copyright laws), and educational (awareness campaigns aimed at companies, end users, and developing countries) strategies. 20p. 134f. 51f.   $133
 
13125. THE EVOLUTION OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER: THE CHANGING NORMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. Drawing on Kaplan & Katzenbach's (1959) analysis of the norms of international law appropriate for the now-defunct bipolar system, Carr's (1942) analysis of the crisis of the interwar period, and contemporary analysts' (Drucker, 1997; Fukuyama, 1995; Gottlieb, 1993; Huntington, 1991, 1993; Ikenberry, 1996; Mathews, 1997) reflections on the breakdown in bipolarity, this paper considers expected changes in the norms of international behavior as a result of the breakdown of the bipolar system with special focus on the how the experience of the interwar period might cast any light on likely future developments. 10p., 43f., 9b.   $70
 
13124. HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. This report traces the growing tension between the norms of sovereignty in international law and the claims for self-determination and concern for human rights; considers whether the accommodation of human rights under international law presents an insoluble problem; and deliberates whether the activities of governments in wartime should be subject to different human rights standards than governments' activities in peacetime. 13p., 31f., 7b.   $91
 
12727. UNCONVENTIONAL CONFLICTS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. Efforts to regulate resistance groups without conferring rights on terrorists. Argues that terrorism is never legitimate and that guerrillas and others must play by the rules to maintain their legal status. Urges more international cooperation in dealing with the issue, and considers the idea of creating deterrence through threat of military retaliation. 9p. 34f. 10b.   $63
 
12644. LEGAL ISSUES IN SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD. This paper examines how different states have handled the legal implications of surrogate motherhood (through both statute and case law), focusing on two main issues: 1) legal rights of maternity in surrogacy cases (i.e., are the rights of maternity conveyed on the surrogate/gestational mother or on the genetic and/or "intended" mother); and 2) whether or not surrogacy agreements are legally enforceable contracts. Following a brief overview of the definition and variations of surrogate motherhood, these two legal issues are considered through a comparison and analysis of case law and state statutes on surrogacy. 18p., 72f., 64b.   $126
 
12643. THE PRECEDENTS OF CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL. Good basic summary of Marshall's most important cases and what they meant for American history. First half of paper gives complete political and judicial summary of how Marbury vs. Madison came about, stressing Marshall's role in the political conflict and his cleverness in avoiding a political confrontation with Tom Jefferson's Republican Party and establishing a climate of political stability. Also covers powers of the Federal Govt. (Cohens vs. Virginia & McCulloch vs. Maryland), the commerce clause (Gibbons vs. Ogden), legality of slavery and land titles based on conquest of Indians, the transference of common law to America, and strict interpretation of Constitution in Burr treason trial. 6p., 14f., 3b.   $42
 
12642. NUREMBURG & OTHER WAR CRIMES TRIALS. Good basic summary of these trials, placing them in the context of new legal principles created to in an attempt to raise the standards of human behavior. Includes history of war crimes in international law, wartime discussions of how to proceed with Nazi and Axis leaders, structures and basic summary of the 1945-7 trial of 22 Nazi leaders, legal issues raised in this trial, the Tokyo trial of Japanese leaders 1946-8, additional trials by international tribunals in Europe and Asia, additional trials by national courts in Europe and Asia, subsequent history of trials of WWII criminals, evidence that these trials did establish a precedent that will be applied to all nations in the future. 11p., 22f., 8b.   $77
 
12641. CELEBRITY PRIVACY. Examines the question of whether the media should explore the private lives of celebrities; looks at the Diana case, the tabloid media and the legal issues and protections. 6p., 8f., 5b.   $42
 
12626. A HISTORY OF AUDITORS' LIABILITY. Traces the history of auditors' liability from 1896 to the early 1990s, noting how the professionalization of the industry and the increasing complexity of business worked to expand the auditors' scope of liability. Explains auditors' liability under theories of fraud and negligence. Discusses the three main approaches to assessing auditors' liability for negligence: 1) Privity; 2) Restatement (Second) of Torts; and 3) foreseeability. Provides an extensive discussion of the major case law supporting these approaches. Concludes with an overview of auditors' liability under federal and state securities and RICO statutes. 22 pages, 107 footnotes in text, 41 bibliographic sources.   $133
 
12408. POLICE INCOMPETENCE AND MISCONDUCT IN CRIMINAL TRIALS AND INVESTIGATIONS. Discusses how such things as failure to follow proper procedures, perjury, bribes, and sloppy lab work have a negative impact on the criminal justice system. Also discusses how such problems have surfaced in many recent high-profile cases (such as the O.J. Simpson trial and the Oklahoma City bombing, among others). 6p., 18f., 6b.   $42
 
12406. JURY REFORM. This paper presents a profile and analyze of current jury reform efforts. Following a brief review of the central motivations and objectives behind jury reform and a discussion of the differences between civil versus criminal jury reform, the analysis profiles the major focus of current reform efforts as they are being considered and implemented. 12p., 41f., 26b.   $84
 
12405. THE GEORGIA SODOMY AND THE U.S. SUPREME COURT. This paper provides an analysis, interpretation, and argumentative opinions on this seminal Supreme Court case. Following a brief overview of the background and facts of the case, the analysis examines the majority opinion delivered by Justice White and the concurring opinions of Chief justice Burger and Justice Powell, contrasting these with the dissenting opinions filed by Justice Blackmun and Justice Stevens. The concluding section of the paper argues that the Majority erred in deciding that Michael Hardwick's constitutional rights were not violated by the Georgia sodomy statute. 11p., 34f., 15b. + cases.   $77
 
12403. ARGUMENT AGAINST THE USE OF TV CAMERA IN THE COURTROOM. Discusses how cameras tend to disrupt, distort, trivialize and sensationalize court trials. Also discusses how media exposure causes unfair stress to the witnesses. 8p., 28f., 6b.   $56
 
12402. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. A discussion of the pros and cons of affirmative action, as well as the claims of "reverse discrimination" that have arisen as a result of it. Concludes that the programs have failed to meet their goals, and argues for new anti-discrimination laws rather than the continued use of "quota systems." 7p., 20f., 3b.   $49
 
12358. RACE AND THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN AMERICA. This paper provides a survey and overview of the issues and evidence concerning racial bias and disparate impact in the U.S. criminal justice system. Focusing closely on black-white issues and the question of disparate impact on African Americans, the analysis looks at racial effects in policing, the pre-trial process, the jury trial, sentencing, appeals, and post-trial disposition and corrections. 18p., 39f., 22b.   $126
 
12179. LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MANDATORY CHILD ABUSE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS. The paper examines the legal and ethical issues and dilemmas in mandatory child abuse reporting requirements from the perspective of the mental health professional. Provides an overview of the legal and ethical issues and analyzes reasons why therapists often fail to comply with reporting laws. Offers recommendations on how psychologists and psychiatrists might resolve some of the ethical and legal dilemmas presented by these laws. 11p., 25f., 11b.   $77
 
12177. THE RECOGNITION OF GOVERNMENTS. Explains the purpose of recognition and its link with the concept of state sovereignty within the international system. Critically considers the arguments in favor of and against the recognition of governments within this framework. 7p., 11f., 5b.   $49
 
12176. SELF-DETERMINATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the various aspects of self-determination under international law. The analysis begins with an historical overview of the development of the concept of self-determination and its place in the context of international law. The investigation then examines contemporary aspects of self-determination dating from the UN resolutions on self-determination made in the early 1960s. Included is an assessment of the status of self-determination as a "right" under international law and consideration of the legal and political problems entailed within the broadbased pursuit of self-determination. 15p., 43f., 7b.   $105
 
12157. DISCRIMINATION AND GENDER/RACE BIAS IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION. Focusing particularly on gender bias and discrimination against women (although also considering the general status and treatment of minorities in the profession) this investigation looks at the extent to which the legal profession in the late 1990s promotes the value of diversity. The investigation focuses on a general survey of the "state of the profession" in terms of discriminatory treatment toward women and minorities, looking first at the situation among U.S. law schools and then exploring diversity within the legal profession. The analysis looks both at general trends and at the specific permutations of discriminatory treatment, from law school and the process of legal education through the attorney career track. 12p., 30f., 24b.   $84
 
12137. ANTITRUST IN JAPAN. Following a review of the history and development of Japan's anti-monopoly law, the analysis profiles the key components and practical applicatons of Japanese antitrust law, examines the scope of enforcement policies and procedures, and considers recent trends and controversies in Japanese antitrust law and policy. 12p., 58f., 12b.   $84
 
12136. U.S. ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY. Examines the history, development, current status and future direction of U.S. antitrust law and policy. Following a review of the history and development of U.S. antitrust law, the analysis looks at the critical elements of current antitrust law and its practical application, considering the core elements of antitrust as encompassed in the Sherman, Clayton, and other Acts as well as mechanisms and procedures for antitrust enforcement and remedies. A concluding section examines recent trends and controversies, with a special focus on the ascendancy of the economic approach and the new emphasis on extraterritorial application of U.S. antitrust law. 19p., 79f., 18b.   $133
 
12112. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLICY IN THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD. Examines some of the expected changes in the norms of international behavior as a result of the contemporary breakdown in bipolarity. Takes into consideration whether or not the experience of the interwar period (1919-39), which marked the transitional crisis between the former balance of power system and the now-defunct loose bipolar system, casts any light on likely future developments. 10p., 18f., 11b.   $70
 
12111. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND EVOLVING HUMAN RIGHTS. Traces the development of human rights issues in international law. Examines the tension between demands for human rights and demands for non-intervention and the preservation of sovereignty. Considers the extent to which human rights can be accommodated within international law. 11p., 31f., 9b.   $77
 
12067. THE COMMUNICATIONS DECENCY ACT OF 1996: CENSORSHIP ON THE INTERNET. Taking the perspective of a Supreme Court Justice, this paper evaluates the constitutionality of the Communications Decency Act of 1995. Following a background discussion on the internet and some of the events which led to the passage of the Exon amendment, the analysis draws on appropriate legal precedents and rationales to arrive at a hypothetical Supreme Court ruling finding the new law unconstitutional. 12p., 43f., 18b. + Table of Authorities.   $84
 
12065. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AS A GENDER ISSUE. Argues that this effort to overcome discrimination in employment and education has failed. Also examines how actions by the Republican Right and the courts have weakened affirmative action programs for women. In this light, proposed alternative solutions to the problems of inequality are considered. 7p., 24f., 9b.   $49
 
12063. AN ESSAY IN SUPPORT OF THE MINI-TRIAL ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR). A brief review of the legal literature on alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in general and the mini-trial in particular, highlighting the numerous advantages (cost, time, flexibility, privacy) of such alternatives to traditional litigation. 5p. 11f. 7b.   $35
 
11982. ANTITRUST LAWS IN U.S. AND JAPAN. Profiles and compares the status and scope of competition law in two countries--the United States and Japan. Following a brief review of socio-economic events following World War II leading to the widespread international proliferation of competition law, the paper presents an overview and analysis of competitions law in each country, reviewing history, basic law and its practical application and current trends. 30p. 128f. 29b.   $133
 
11852. COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL DEBT: THE ACT OF STATE DOCTRINE AND OTHER PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. Clearly explains a variety of theories of debt collection in international law, citing numerous precedents. Refers to the Act of State Doctrine, the principle of sovereign immunity, and the principal of international comity. 16p. 39f. 9b.   $112
 
11840. MICROSOFT CORPORATION AND THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Examines the controversy surrounding Microsoft's bid to buy the Intuit Corporation, the Department of Justice's intervention against the Microsoft Network, and the limits to Microsoft's influence upon the Internet. KEYWORDS: microsoft antitrust doj intuit microsoft network. 10 pages, 11 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $70
 
11809. THE ANTI-TAKEOVER CONUNDRUM AND THE ROLE OF THE STATES. This paper examines the history, development and current status of state anti-takeover statutes with the objective of addressing the following questions: 1) should there be federal regulations that supersede the state anti-takeover regulations? And 2) what existing state regulations (if any) might reasonably be proposed as models for national regulation? Concludes that most state statutes serve mainly to deplete shareholder wealth and entrench management. Recommends amendments to the Williams act to nullify long-term state business combination/freeze out laws and to mandate that states shift from "opt-out" to "opt-in" provisions in takeover regulations. 22p., 73f., 32b.   $133
 
11596. AN ASSESSMENT OF CLINTON'S LATIN AMERICAN DRUG PROGRAM. Serious look at the first two years of Clinton's proposals, through the revelation of new Colombian President Samper's links to cartels. Concludes that Clinton has not given this area of policy high priority attention. 8p., 20f., 14b.   $56
 
11523. ABORTION LAW IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY. This paper provides a clear, professional summary of legal history of abortion in the U.S. since Roe and in modern Germany, using legal vocabulary and sources. Cites major cases influencing abortion policy and law in both countries and provides a comparison and assessment of the two systems. 25p., 57f., 16b.   $133
 
11522. CHILDREN'S EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY. Examines the empirical evidence in recent psychological literature concerning the variables and factors of accuracy in children's eyewitness testimony. Considers the issues of suggestibility, interview settings and techniques, and the mitigating role of social support and stress-reducing procedural modifications. 12p., 21f., 16b.   $84
 
11519. PYLER V. DOE -- HISTORY AND ANALYSIS. Highly professional legal review, covering all aspects of the case which established that Texas couldn't deny public education to illegal aliens, in chronological order with arguments on both sides through all stages of the trial and appellate process, also how Pyler has been used in subsequent cases. Concludes that Pyler is a case growing in importance as immigrant-scapegoating increases in the 1990s. 16., 46f., 13b.   $112
 
11414. SEXUAL HARASSMENT. This paper provides an overview of sexual harassment, considering its legal definition and components, its prevalence and demographic profile, its causes and consequences, and its potential remedies. KEYWORDS: sexual harasssment definition prevalence. 12p., 25f., 17b.   $84
 
11390. AUDITOR'S LEGAL LIABILITY. Following an overview of the concept auditor's legal liability, including a review of liability exposure under both federal securities laws and common law theories, the analysis looks at the steps which can be taken to reduce auditor's liability. A concluding section briefly discusses what the individual auditor (CPA) can do to limit his or her liability. 10p., 32f., 21b.   $70
 
11387. LEGAL ISSUES AND CONCEPTS IN BUSINESS. Describes and analyzes four important issues and/or concepts in business law: corporate organization, money damages, government regulation and international business. 10p., 14f., 5b.   $70
 
11386. MERITOR SAVINGS V. VINSON: HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT CLAIMS. This paper provides n analysis and discussion of the Meritor Savings v. Vinson case, a 1986 Supreme Court case which recognized that sexual harassment based on a hostile environment claim is a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. KEYWORDS: workplace sexual harassment hostile environment claims. 5p., 8f., 6b.   $35
 
11385. A CASE OF AIDS DISCRIMINATION: EMPLOYER LIABILITY FOR REDUCTION OF HEALTH BENEFITS. Summary and analysis of McGann v. H&H Music Co., a U.S. Court of Appeals case involving an employee who sued his employer for discrimination under Section 510 of ERISA after the employer reduced health benefit coverage for AIDS. 5p., 5f., 3b.   $35
 
11363. CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEES AND THE MEDIA IN THE O.J. SIMPSON TRIAL. Examines the conflict between the constitutional guarantees of free press and the defendant's right to a public trial against the constitutional guarantees of due process and the defendant's right to a fair trial by an impartial jury. Concludes that tabloid news media who pay witnesses are not protected under First Amendment rights, since they have infringed upon the defendant's constitutional rights to due process and a fair trial. 5 pages, 11 footnotes in text, 9 bibliographic sources.   $35
 
11315. THE RIGHT TO LEGAL COUNSEL IN THE U.S., U.K., ITALY, JAPAN AND SAUDI ARABIA. This paper investigates these five countries' position on the right to legal counsel for defendants and accused persons in criminal proceedings. Includes a discussion and analysis of the development and application of the right to counsel under federal due process in the United States, considering Constitutional provisions, statutory material, and recent case law impacting the breadth and scope of the right to counsel. Using the U.S. system as a foundation for comparison, the existence and\or extent of the right to counsel in the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan and Saudi Arabia are then each considered. The final section presents a summary comparison of the right to counsel within all five legal systems under investigation. 30p., 78f., 51b.   $133
 
11262. INTERNATIONAL UNION V. JOHNSON CONTROLS: FETAL PROTECTION OR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN. Examines the 1991 Supreme Court decision forbidding employers use of fetal protection policies that discriminate against women. The statutes, case law and precedent, and ethical issues of the case are discussed in detail. Press treatment of the case in the mass media is reviewed for its ethical coverage of the issue. 15p., 21f., 18b.   $105
 
11196. BRIBERY AND MULTINATIONALS. Examines bribery and illegal foreign payments as an ethical problem for multinational corporations. U.S. laws governing corrupt foreign practices are reviewed, and the continuing use of bribery as a lubricating tool in business are noted. 11p., 12f., 10b.   $77
 
11192. DRUG TESTING: SUCCESSES, SHORTCOMINGS, & CONTINUED CONTROVERSY. This paper explores the drug testing controversy from the perspective of the 1990s. Considers the rationale behind testing, its current status in the military and in work settings, its legal status, and the criticisms against the practice. Argues that drug testing in the private sector is not supported by either legal justifications or evidence of efficacy in reducing drug abuse. 11p., 20f., 18b.   $77
 
11191. SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE U.S. Provides in-depth discussion of level of sexual harassment in U.S. with specific reference to workplace, forms of harassment, responses (personal and legal) to problem, role of feminist movement in exposing problem. Also describes organization response. 9p., 23f., 21b.   $63
 
11173. THE AMERICAN JURY SYSTEM: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. Twenty entries in annotated bibliography that are focused on various aspects of jury selection, attitudes, effect of variables such as race and gender, and juries in trial process. 12p. 20b.   $84
 
11167. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION: STILL NEEDED FOR THE 1990S. Taking a Law Review format, investigates the legal, social and political implications of affirmative action and reverse discrimination. Reviews Supreme Court cases on affirmative action and disparate impact. Articulates the arguments for both sides of the issue and then takes a position in favor of continued affirmative action programs, and makes the case that such programs are particularly needed for women to break through the "glass ceiling" which stalls their progress through management ranks. Utilizes legal, "blue book" citation format. 27p. 72f. 56b.   $133
 
11133. THE VALUE OF LIFE ACROSS DIFFERENT CULTURES. THE VALUE OF LIFE ACROSS DIFFERENT CULTURES. Examines the problem of legal valuation of life in wrongful death cases (forensic economics) as treated in different societies. The Anglo-American tradition is contrasted with the Roman law tradition of continental Europe and the Confucian and Buddhist traditions of Asian cultures. 29p., 37f., 29b.   $133
 
11094. OVERVIEW OF ROE VS. WADE Decision and reasoning in majority opinion are presented. Controversy concerning political power is discussed. Pro-life arguments are evaluated and considered inconclusive. 8p., 20f., 11b.   $56
 
11053. THE RIGHTS OF ISLAMIC WOMEN TO DIVORCE. Quotes relevant passages from Qur'an and compares the contemporary interpretations in Hanafi and Maliki law. Discusses origin of differences and offers examples of laws in practice. 5p., 13f., 6b.   $35
 
10625. THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS SINCE THE UNITED NATIONS' UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS. This paper reports on the various international bodies whose members promote human rights, noting the themes of their cases and the extent of their influence. The paper concludes with predictions and rationale for future human rights advances. 19 pages, 32 footnotes, 9 bibliographic sources.   $133
 
10529. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS. A legal perspective on the unionizing of professional athletes. Discusses the history and formation of collective bargaining procedures, including major court cases involved, focusing on labor and antitrust issues. 11p., 29f., 12b.   $77
 
10359. SMOKING IN THE WORKPLACE. The movement toward worksite-based smoking restrictions, smoking bans and no-smoker policies is reviewed. The arguments for and against banning smoking and implementing no-smoker policies are considered and discussed. 5p., 12f., 12b.   $35
 
10318. EMPLOYEE DRUG TESTING AND SOCIAL WELFARE: THE CASE OF POLICE OFFICERS. This paper considers the political, legal and social issues involved in employee drug testing within the occupational category of the public sector -- police officers. The analysis considers the problem in terms of a social welfare issue: the rights of the police officers to privacy are weighed against the need for public safety. 6p., 16f., 13b.   $42
 
10253. RELIGION AND PRAYER IN AMERICAN PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE. Report describes history of controversy regarding religion and prayer in American public schools, citing numerous court cases and the opposing views. 10p., 22f., 12b.   $70
 
10209. THE BAKKE DECISION. A comprehensive examination and review of the 1978 Supreme Court case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The historical context of the civil rights legislation and decisions since Brown v. Board of Education is discussed; the progress of the Bakke case through the California courts to the high court of the land is detailed. Majority and dissenting opinions in the case are discussed in detail, and the impact of the decision is noted. 30p. 47f. 19b.   $133
 
10128. FLAG BURNING AND FREE SPEECH: PRO AND CON. An examination of the 1989 U.S. Supreme Court decision upholding the right of demonstators to burn the American flag, including an analysis of the free-speech argument which supports the right and an analysis of the "flag as a sacred symbol of liberty" argument which argues against this right. 6p., 8f., 6b.   $42
 
10125. FAIR HOUSING STANDARDS. This paper considers the ways in which communities can facilitate the implementation of federally-mandated fair housing standards. Focuses on the reconciliation of conflicts of interests between landlords, tenants and the community at large. 5 pages, 2 footnotes, 7 bibliographic sources.   $35
 
10124. ACTIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT: REVIEW OF SEVERAL ARTICLES. Reviews several articles focused on actions of the Supreme Court and their impact, particularly with regard to public policy, civil rights, and individual freedoms. 6p. 8f 11b.   $42
 
10120. TELEPHONE SEX (DIAL-PORN). Size of the industry; its history; court rulings and their effects; how billing is handled; role of FCC and telephone companies; the future. 11p. 26f. 22b.   $77
 
09950. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR: A REVIEW OF HER PERFORMANCE. A review of the Reagan-appointee's first term on the Supreme Court. Summarizes and reviews O'Connor's voting records on major decisions, assessing her position on individual rights, the use of deadly force, equal rights, freedom of the press, right to privacy, and abortion. Concludes that O'Connor favors a narrow interpretation of a law and order conception of justice. 13 pages, 9 footnotes, 8 bibliographic sources.   $91
 
09949. CHIEF JUSTICE WILLIAM REHNQUIST. Examines some of the most important legal decisions rendered by Rehnquist during his period on the court (1972-present) and considers which of his past decisions have been the most influential in shaping the future direction of the court. Takes a closer look at Rehnquist's consistently conservative stand on abortion and death penalty cases. 11p. 12f. 7b.   $77
 
09948. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO PRIVACY. Explores the Court's interpretation of the individual's Constitutional right to privacy. After a brief review of the meaning of privacy and its historical importance in American tradition, the paper analyzes the Court's interpretations, focusing on key cases during the 20th century. 11p. 30f. 11b.   $77
 
09940. REFORM AND MODERNIZATION OF DEED RECORDING PROCEDURES. A look at possible means of reforming the legal procedure for the recording of real estate transactions, with possible adaptions from the Torrens System and use of computers to speed up and simplify recording. 7p. 9f. 5b.   $49
 
09938. LANDLORD, TENANT AND COMMUNITY IN URBAN HOUSING. Examines the "quasi-public" status of landlords in urban housing markets, and looks at self-management of public housing and other innovations in community involvement in solving the housing crisis. 7p., 13f., 8b.   $49
 
09934. THE BROKER-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. A review of the ethical and legal constraints upon the broker in dealing with a client in real estate transactions. 7p., 8f., 4b.   $49
 
09731. PORNOGRAPHY AND CENSORSHIP. Makes a First Amendment case against banning pornography, providing such materials are created by consenting adults for use by consenting adults. 4p. 6f. 4b.   $28